ac3dec.c

/*
 * AC-3 Audio Decoder
 * This code was developed as part of Google Summer of Code 2006.
 * E-AC-3 support was added as part of Google Summer of Code 2007.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006 Kartikey Mahendra BHATT (bhattkm at gmail dot com)
 * Copyright (c) 2007-2008 Bartlomiej Wolowiec <bartek.wolowiec@gmail.com>
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Justin Ruggles <justin.ruggles@gmail.com>
 *
 * This file is part of Libav.
 *
 * Libav is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * Libav is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with Libav; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "libavutil/channel_layout.h"
#include "libavutil/crc.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "internal.h"
#include "aac_ac3_parser.h"
#include "ac3_parser.h"
#include "ac3dec.h"
#include "ac3dec_data.h"
#include "kbdwin.h"

/**
 * table for ungrouping 3 values in 7 bits.
 * used for exponents and bap=2 mantissas
 */
static uint8_t ungroup_3_in_7_bits_tab[128][3];

/** tables for ungrouping mantissas */
static int b1_mantissas[32][3];
static int b2_mantissas[128][3];
static int b3_mantissas[8];
static int b4_mantissas[128][2];
static int b5_mantissas[16];

/**
 * Quantization table: levels for symmetric. bits for asymmetric.
 * reference: Table 7.18 Mapping of bap to Quantizer
 */
static const uint8_t quantization_tab[16] = {
    0, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15,
    5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16
};

/** dynamic range table. converts codes to scale factors. */
static float dynamic_range_tab[256];

/** Adjustments in dB gain */
static const float gain_levels[9] = {
    LEVEL_PLUS_3DB,
    LEVEL_PLUS_1POINT5DB,
    LEVEL_ONE,
    LEVEL_MINUS_1POINT5DB,
    LEVEL_MINUS_3DB,
    LEVEL_MINUS_4POINT5DB,
    LEVEL_MINUS_6DB,
    LEVEL_ZERO,
    LEVEL_MINUS_9DB
};

/**
 * Table for default stereo downmixing coefficients
 * reference: Section 7.8.2 Downmixing Into Two Channels
 */
static const uint8_t ac3_default_coeffs[8][5][2] = {
    { { 2, 7 }, { 7, 2 },                               },
    { { 4, 4 },                                         },
    { { 2, 7 }, { 7, 2 },                               },
    { { 2, 7 }, { 5, 5 }, { 7, 2 },                     },
    { { 2, 7 }, { 7, 2 }, { 6, 6 },                     },
    { { 2, 7 }, { 5, 5 }, { 7, 2 }, { 8, 8 },           },
    { { 2, 7 }, { 7, 2 }, { 6, 7 }, { 7, 6 },           },
    { { 2, 7 }, { 5, 5 }, { 7, 2 }, { 6, 7 }, { 7, 6 }, },
};

/**
 * Symmetrical Dequantization
 * reference: Section 7.3.3 Expansion of Mantissas for Symmetrical Quantization
 *            Tables 7.19 to 7.23
 */
static inline int
symmetric_dequant(int code, int levels)
{
    return ((code - (levels >> 1)) << 24) / levels;
}

/*
 * Initialize tables at runtime.
 */
static av_cold void ac3_tables_init(void)
{
    int i;

    /* generate table for ungrouping 3 values in 7 bits
       reference: Section 7.1.3 Exponent Decoding */
    for (i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
        ungroup_3_in_7_bits_tab[i][0] =  i / 25;
        ungroup_3_in_7_bits_tab[i][1] = (i % 25) / 5;
        ungroup_3_in_7_bits_tab[i][2] = (i % 25) % 5;
    }

    /* generate grouped mantissa tables
       reference: Section 7.3.5 Ungrouping of Mantissas */
    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
        /* bap=1 mantissas */
        b1_mantissas[i][0] = symmetric_dequant(ff_ac3_ungroup_3_in_5_bits_tab[i][0], 3);
        b1_mantissas[i][1] = symmetric_dequant(ff_ac3_ungroup_3_in_5_bits_tab[i][1], 3);
        b1_mantissas[i][2] = symmetric_dequant(ff_ac3_ungroup_3_in_5_bits_tab[i][2], 3);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
        /* bap=2 mantissas */
        b2_mantissas[i][0] = symmetric_dequant(ungroup_3_in_7_bits_tab[i][0], 5);
        b2_mantissas[i][1] = symmetric_dequant(ungroup_3_in_7_bits_tab[i][1], 5);
        b2_mantissas[i][2] = symmetric_dequant(ungroup_3_in_7_bits_tab[i][2], 5);

        /* bap=4 mantissas */
        b4_mantissas[i][0] = symmetric_dequant(i / 11, 11);
        b4_mantissas[i][1] = symmetric_dequant(i % 11, 11);
    }
    /* generate ungrouped mantissa tables
       reference: Tables 7.21 and 7.23 */
    for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
        /* bap=3 mantissas */
        b3_mantissas[i] = symmetric_dequant(i, 7);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
        /* bap=5 mantissas */
        b5_mantissas[i] = symmetric_dequant(i, 15);
    }

    /* generate dynamic range table
       reference: Section 7.7.1 Dynamic Range Control */
    for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
        int v = (i >> 5) - ((i >> 7) << 3) - 5;
        dynamic_range_tab[i] = powf(2.0f, v) * ((i & 0x1F) | 0x20);
    }
}

/**
 * AVCodec initialization
 */
static av_cold int ac3_decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
{
    AC3DecodeContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
    int i;

    s->avctx = avctx;

    ff_ac3_common_init();
    ac3_tables_init();
    ff_mdct_init(&s->imdct_256, 8, 1, 1.0);
    ff_mdct_init(&s->imdct_512, 9, 1, 1.0);
    ff_kbd_window_init(s->window, 5.0, 256);
    ff_dsputil_init(&s->dsp, avctx);
    avpriv_float_dsp_init(&s->fdsp, avctx->flags & CODEC_FLAG_BITEXACT);
    ff_ac3dsp_init(&s->ac3dsp, avctx->flags & CODEC_FLAG_BITEXACT);
    ff_fmt_convert_init(&s->fmt_conv, avctx);
    av_lfg_init(&s->dith_state, 0);

    avctx->sample_fmt = AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP;

    /* allow downmixing to stereo or mono */
#if FF_API_REQUEST_CHANNELS
FF_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
    if (avctx->request_channels == 1)
        avctx->request_channel_layout = AV_CH_LAYOUT_MONO;
    else if (avctx->request_channels == 2)
        avctx->request_channel_layout = AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO;
FF_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS
#endif
    if (avctx->channels > 1 &&
        avctx->request_channel_layout == AV_CH_LAYOUT_MONO)
        avctx->channels = 1;
    else if (avctx->channels > 2 &&
             avctx->request_channel_layout == AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO)
        avctx->channels = 2;
    s->downmixed = 1;

    for (i = 0; i < AC3_MAX_CHANNELS; i++) {
        s->xcfptr[i] = s->transform_coeffs[i];
        s->dlyptr[i] = s->delay[i];
    }

    return 0;
}

/**
 * Parse the 'sync info' and 'bit stream info' from the AC-3 bitstream.
 * GetBitContext within AC3DecodeContext must point to
 * the start of the synchronized AC-3 bitstream.
 */
static int ac3_parse_header(AC3DecodeContext *s)
{
    GetBitContext *gbc = &s->gbc;
    int i;

    /* read the rest of the bsi. read twice for dual mono mode. */
    i = !s->channel_mode;
    do {
        skip_bits(gbc, 5); // skip dialog normalization
        if (get_bits1(gbc))
            skip_bits(gbc, 8); //skip compression
        if (get_bits1(gbc))
            skip_bits(gbc, 8); //skip language code
        if (get_bits1(gbc))
            skip_bits(gbc, 7); //skip audio production information
    } while (i--);

    skip_bits(gbc, 2); //skip copyright bit and original bitstream bit

    /* skip the timecodes or parse the Alternate Bit Stream Syntax
       TODO: read & use the xbsi1 downmix levels */
    if (s->bitstream_id != 6) {
        if (get_bits1(gbc))
            skip_bits(gbc, 14); //skip timecode1
        if (get_bits1(gbc))
            skip_bits(gbc, 14); //skip timecode2
    } else {
        if (get_bits1(gbc))
            skip_bits(gbc, 14); //skip xbsi1
        if (get_bits1(gbc)) {
            s->dolby_surround_ex_mode = get_bits(gbc, 2);
            s->dolby_headphone_mode   = get_bits(gbc, 2);
            skip_bits(gbc, 10); // skip adconvtyp (1), xbsi2 (8), encinfo (1)
        }
    }

    /* skip additional bitstream info */
    if (get_bits1(gbc)) {
        i = get_bits(gbc, 6);
        do {
            skip_bits(gbc, 8);
        } while (i--);
    }

    return 0;
}

/**
 * Common function to parse AC-3 or E-AC-3 frame header
 */
static int parse_frame_header(AC3DecodeContext *s)
{
    AC3HeaderInfo hdr;
    int err;

    err = avpriv_ac3_parse_header(&s->gbc, &hdr);
    if (err)
        return err;

    /* get decoding parameters from header info */
    s->bit_alloc_params.sr_code     = hdr.sr_code;
    s->bitstream_id                 = hdr.bitstream_id;
    s->bitstream_mode               = hdr.bitstream_mode;
    s->channel_mode                 = hdr.channel_mode;
    s->lfe_on                       = hdr.lfe_on;
    s->bit_alloc_params.sr_shift    = hdr.sr_shift;
    s->sample_rate                  = hdr.sample_rate;
    s->bit_rate                     = hdr.bit_rate;
    s->channels                     = hdr.channels;
    s->fbw_channels                 = s->channels - s->lfe_on;
    s->lfe_ch                       = s->fbw_channels + 1;
    s->frame_size                   = hdr.frame_size;
    s->center_mix_level             = hdr.center_mix_level;
    s->surround_mix_level           = hdr.surround_mix_level;
    s->num_blocks                   = hdr.num_blocks;
    s->frame_type                   = hdr.frame_type;
    s->substreamid                  = hdr.substreamid;
    s->dolby_surround_mode          = hdr.dolby_surround_mode;
    s->dolby_surround_ex_mode       = AC3_DSUREXMOD_NOTINDICATED;
    s->dolby_headphone_mode         = AC3_DHEADPHONMOD_NOTINDICATED;

    if (s->lfe_on) {
        s->start_freq[s->lfe_ch]     = 0;
        s->end_freq[s->lfe_ch]       = 7;
        s->num_exp_groups[s->lfe_ch] = 2;
        s->channel_in_cpl[s->lfe_ch] = 0;
    }

    if (s->bitstream_id <= 10) {
        s->eac3                  = 0;
        s->snr_offset_strategy   = 2;
        s->block_switch_syntax   = 1;
        s->dither_flag_syntax    = 1;
        s->bit_allocation_syntax = 1;
        s->fast_gain_syntax      = 0;
        s->first_cpl_leak        = 0;
        s->dba_syntax            = 1;
        s->skip_syntax           = 1;
        memset(s->channel_uses_aht, 0, sizeof(s->channel_uses_aht));
        return ac3_parse_header(s);
    } else if (CONFIG_EAC3_DECODER) {
        s->eac3 = 1;
        return ff_eac3_parse_header(s);
    } else {
        av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "E-AC-3 support not compiled in\n");
        return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
    }
}

/**
 * Set stereo downmixing coefficients based on frame header info.
 * reference: Section 7.8.2 Downmixing Into Two Channels
 */
static void set_downmix_coeffs(AC3DecodeContext *s)
{
    int i;
    float cmix = gain_levels[s->  center_mix_level];
    float smix = gain_levels[s->surround_mix_level];
    float norm0, norm1;

    for (i = 0; i < s->fbw_channels; i++) {
        s->downmix_coeffs[i][0] = gain_levels[ac3_default_coeffs[s->channel_mode][i][0]];
        s->downmix_coeffs[i][1] = gain_levels[ac3_default_coeffs[s->channel_mode][i][1]];
    }
    if (s->channel_mode > 1 && s->channel_mode & 1) {
        s->downmix_coeffs[1][0] = s->downmix_coeffs[1][1] = cmix;
    }
    if (s->channel_mode == AC3_CHMODE_2F1R || s->channel_mode == AC3_CHMODE_3F1R) {
        int nf = s->channel_mode - 2;
        s->downmix_coeffs[nf][0] = s->downmix_coeffs[nf][1] = smix * LEVEL_MINUS_3DB;
    }
    if (s->channel_mode == AC3_CHMODE_2F2R || s->channel_mode == AC3_CHMODE_3F2R) {
        int nf = s->channel_mode - 4;
        s->downmix_coeffs[nf][0] = s->downmix_coeffs[nf+1][1] = smix;
    }

    /* renormalize */
    norm0 = norm1 = 0.0;
    for (i = 0; i < s->fbw_channels; i++) {
        norm0 += s->downmix_coeffs[i][0];
        norm1 += s->downmix_coeffs[i][1];
    }
    norm0 = 1.0f / norm0;
    norm1 = 1.0f / norm1;
    for (i = 0; i < s->fbw_channels; i++) {
        s->downmix_coeffs[i][0] *= norm0;
        s->downmix_coeffs[i][1] *= norm1;
    }

    if (s->output_mode == AC3_CHMODE_MONO) {
        for (i = 0; i < s->fbw_channels; i++)
            s->downmix_coeffs[i][0] = (s->downmix_coeffs[i][0] +
                                       s->downmix_coeffs[i][1]) * LEVEL_MINUS_3DB;
    }
}

/**
 * Decode the grouped exponents according to exponent strategy.
 * reference: Section 7.1.3 Exponent Decoding
 */
static int decode_exponents(GetBitContext *gbc, int exp_strategy, int ngrps,
                            uint8_t absexp, int8_t *dexps)
{
    int i, j, grp, group_size;
    int dexp[256];
    int expacc, prevexp;

    /* unpack groups */
    group_size = exp_strategy + (exp_strategy == EXP_D45);
    for (grp = 0, i = 0; grp < ngrps; grp++) {
        expacc = get_bits(gbc, 7);
        dexp[i++] = ungroup_3_in_7_bits_tab[expacc][0];
        dexp[i++] = ungroup_3_in_7_bits_tab[expacc][1];
        dexp[i++] = ungroup_3_in_7_bits_tab[expacc][2];
    }

    /* convert to absolute exps and expand groups */
    prevexp = absexp;
    for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ngrps * 3; i++) {
        prevexp += dexp[i] - 2;
        if (prevexp > 24U)
            return -1;
        switch (group_size) {
        case 4: dexps[j++] = prevexp;
                dexps[j++] = prevexp;
        case 2: dexps[j++] = prevexp;
        case 1: dexps[j++] = prevexp;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/**
 * Generate transform coefficients for each coupled channel in the coupling
 * range using the coupling coefficients and coupling coordinates.
 * reference: Section 7.4.3 Coupling Coordinate Format
 */
static void calc_transform_coeffs_cpl(AC3DecodeContext *s)
{
    int bin, band, ch;

    bin = s->start_freq[CPL_CH];
    for (band = 0; band < s->num_cpl_bands; band++) {
        int band_start = bin;
        int band_end = bin + s->cpl_band_sizes[band];
        for (ch = 1; ch <= s->fbw_channels; ch++) {
            if (s->channel_in_cpl[ch]) {
                int cpl_coord = s->cpl_coords[ch][band] << 5;
                for (bin = band_start; bin < band_end; bin++) {
                    s->fixed_coeffs[ch][bin] =
                        MULH(s->fixed_coeffs[CPL_CH][bin] << 4, cpl_coord);
                }
                if (ch == 2 && s->phase_flags[band]) {
                    for (bin = band_start; bin < band_end; bin++)
                        s->fixed_coeffs[2][bin] = -s->fixed_coeffs[2][bin];
                }
            }
        }
        bin = band_end;
    }
}

/**
 * Grouped mantissas for 3-level 5-level and 11-level quantization
 */
typedef struct {
    int b1_mant[2];
    int b2_mant[2];
    int b4_mant;
    int b1;
    int b2;
    int b4;
} mant_groups;

/**
 * Decode the transform coefficients for a particular channel
 * reference: Section 7.3 Quantization and Decoding of Mantissas
 */
static void ac3_decode_transform_coeffs_ch(AC3DecodeContext *s, int ch_index, mant_groups *m)
{
    int start_freq = s->start_freq[ch_index];
    int end_freq   = s->end_freq[ch_index];
    uint8_t *baps  = s->bap[ch_index];
    int8_t *exps   = s->dexps[ch_index];
    int32_t *coeffs = s->fixed_coeffs[ch_index];
    int dither     = (ch_index == CPL_CH) || s->dither_flag[ch_index];
    GetBitContext *gbc = &s->gbc;
    int freq;

    for (freq = start_freq; freq < end_freq; freq++) {
        int bap = baps[freq];
        int mantissa;
        switch (bap) {
        case 0:
            /* random noise with approximate range of -0.707 to 0.707 */
            if (dither)
                mantissa = (av_lfg_get(&s->dith_state) / 362) - 5932275;
            else
                mantissa = 0;
            break;
        case 1:
            if (m->b1) {
                m->b1--;
                mantissa = m->b1_mant[m->b1];
            } else {
                int bits      = get_bits(gbc, 5);
                mantissa      = b1_mantissas[bits][0];
                m->b1_mant[1] = b1_mantissas[bits][1];
                m->b1_mant[0] = b1_mantissas[bits][2];
                m->b1         = 2;
            }
            break;
        case 2:
            if (m->b2) {
                m->b2--;
                mantissa = m->b2_mant[m->b2];
            } else {
                int bits      = get_bits(gbc, 7);
                mantissa      = b2_mantissas[bits][0];
                m->b2_mant[1] = b2_mantissas[bits][1];
                m->b2_mant[0] = b2_mantissas[bits][2];
                m->b2         = 2;
            }
            break;
        case 3:
            mantissa = b3_mantissas[get_bits(gbc, 3)];
            break;
        case 4:
            if (m->b4) {
                m->b4 = 0;
                mantissa = m->b4_mant;
            } else {
                int bits   = get_bits(gbc, 7);
                mantissa   = b4_mantissas[bits][0];
                m->b4_mant = b4_mantissas[bits][1];
                m->b4      = 1;
            }
            break;
        case 5:
            mantissa = b5_mantissas[get_bits(gbc, 4)];
            break;
        default: /* 6 to 15 */
            /* Shift mantissa and sign-extend it. */
            mantissa = get_sbits(gbc, quantization_tab[bap]);
            mantissa <<= 24 - quantization_tab[bap];
            break;
        }
        coeffs[freq] = mantissa >> exps[freq];
    }
}

/**
 * Remove random dithering from coupling range coefficients with zero-bit
 * mantissas for coupled channels which do not use dithering.
 * reference: Section 7.3.4 Dither for Zero Bit Mantissas (bap=0)
 */
static void remove_dithering(AC3DecodeContext *s) {
    int ch, i;

    for (ch = 1; ch <= s->fbw_channels; ch++) {
        if (!s->dither_flag[ch] && s->channel_in_cpl[ch]) {
            for (i = s->start_freq[CPL_CH]; i < s->end_freq[CPL_CH]; i++) {
                if (!s->bap[CPL_CH][i])
                    s->fixed_coeffs[ch][i] = 0;
            }
        }
    }
}

static void decode_transform_coeffs_ch(AC3DecodeContext *s, int blk, int ch,
                                       mant_groups *m)
{
    if (!s->channel_uses_aht[ch]) {
        ac3_decode_transform_coeffs_ch(s, ch, m);
    } else {
        /* if AHT is used, mantissas for all blocks are encoded in the first
           block of the frame. */
        int bin;
        if (!blk && CONFIG_EAC3_DECODER)
            ff_eac3_decode_transform_coeffs_aht_ch(s, ch);
        for (bin = s->start_freq[ch]; bin < s->end_freq[ch]; bin++) {
            s->fixed_coeffs[ch][bin] = s->pre_mantissa[ch][bin][blk] >> s->dexps[ch][bin];
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Decode the transform coefficients.
 */
static void decode_transform_coeffs(AC3DecodeContext *s, int blk)
{
    int ch, end;
    int got_cplchan = 0;
    mant_groups m;

    m.b1 = m.b2 = m.b4 = 0;

    for (ch = 1; ch <= s->channels; ch++) {
        /* transform coefficients for full-bandwidth channel */
        decode_transform_coeffs_ch(s, blk, ch, &m);
        /* transform coefficients for coupling channel come right after the
           coefficients for the first coupled channel*/
        if (s->channel_in_cpl[ch])  {
            if (!got_cplchan) {
                decode_transform_coeffs_ch(s, blk, CPL_CH, &m);
                calc_transform_coeffs_cpl(s);
                got_cplchan = 1;
            }
            end = s->end_freq[CPL_CH];
        } else {
            end = s->end_freq[ch];
        }
        do
            s->fixed_coeffs[ch][end] = 0;
        while (++end < 256);
    }

    /* zero the dithered coefficients for appropriate channels */
    remove_dithering(s);
}

/**
 * Stereo rematrixing.
 * reference: Section 7.5.4 Rematrixing : Decoding Technique
 */
static void do_rematrixing(AC3DecodeContext *s)
{
    int bnd, i;
    int end, bndend;

    end = FFMIN(s->end_freq[1], s->end_freq[2]);

    for (bnd = 0; bnd < s->num_rematrixing_bands; bnd++) {
        if (s->rematrixing_flags[bnd]) {
            bndend = FFMIN(end, ff_ac3_rematrix_band_tab[bnd + 1]);
            for (i = ff_ac3_rematrix_band_tab[bnd]; i < bndend; i++) {
                int tmp0 = s->fixed_coeffs[1][i];
                s->fixed_coeffs[1][i] += s->fixed_coeffs[2][i];
                s->fixed_coeffs[2][i]  = tmp0 - s->fixed_coeffs[2][i];
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Inverse MDCT Transform.
 * Convert frequency domain coefficients to time-domain audio samples.
 * reference: Section 7.9.4 Transformation Equations
 */
static inline void do_imdct(AC3DecodeContext *s, int channels)
{
    int ch;

    for (ch = 1; ch <= channels; ch++) {
        if (s->block_switch[ch]) {
            int i;
            float *x = s->tmp_output + 128;
            for (i = 0; i < 128; i++)
                x[i] = s->transform_coeffs[ch][2 * i];
            s->imdct_256.imdct_half(&s->imdct_256, s->tmp_output, x);
            s->fdsp.vector_fmul_window(s->outptr[ch - 1], s->delay[ch - 1],
                                       s->tmp_output, s->window, 128);
            for (i = 0; i < 128; i++)
                x[i] = s->transform_coeffs[ch][2 * i + 1];
            s->imdct_256.imdct_half(&s->imdct_256, s->delay[ch - 1], x);
        } else {
            s->imdct_512.imdct_half(&s->imdct_512, s->tmp_output, s->transform_coeffs[ch]);
            s->fdsp.vector_fmul_window(s->outptr[ch - 1], s->delay[ch - 1],
                                       s->tmp_output, s->window, 128);
            memcpy(s->delay[ch - 1], s->tmp_output + 128, 128 * sizeof(float));
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Upmix delay samples from stereo to original channel layout.
 */
static void ac3_upmix_delay(AC3DecodeContext *s)
{
    int channel_data_size = sizeof(s->delay[0]);
    switch (s->channel_mode) {
    case AC3_CHMODE_DUALMONO:
    case AC3_CHMODE_STEREO:
        /* upmix mono to stereo */
        memcpy(s->delay[1], s->delay[0], channel_data_size);
        break;
    case AC3_CHMODE_2F2R:
        memset(s->delay[3], 0, channel_data_size);
    case AC3_CHMODE_2F1R:
        memset(s->delay[2], 0, channel_data_size);
        break;
    case AC3_CHMODE_3F2R:
        memset(s->delay[4], 0, channel_data_size);
    case AC3_CHMODE_3F1R:
        memset(s->delay[3], 0, channel_data_size);
    case AC3_CHMODE_3F:
        memcpy(s->delay[2], s->delay[1], channel_data_size);
        memset(s->delay[1], 0, channel_data_size);
        break;
    }
}

/**
 * Decode band structure for coupling, spectral extension, or enhanced coupling.
 * The band structure defines how many subbands are in each band.  For each
 * subband in the range, 1 means it is combined with the previous band, and 0
 * means that it starts a new band.
 *
 * @param[in] gbc bit reader context
 * @param[in] blk block number
 * @param[in] eac3 flag to indicate E-AC-3
 * @param[in] ecpl flag to indicate enhanced coupling
 * @param[in] start_subband subband number for start of range
 * @param[in] end_subband subband number for end of range
 * @param[in] default_band_struct default band structure table
 * @param[out] num_bands number of bands (optionally NULL)
 * @param[out] band_sizes array containing the number of bins in each band (optionally NULL)
 */
static void decode_band_structure(GetBitContext *gbc, int blk, int eac3,
                                  int ecpl, int start_subband, int end_subband,
                                  const uint8_t *default_band_struct,
                                  int *num_bands, uint8_t *band_sizes)
{
    int subbnd, bnd, n_subbands, n_bands=0;
    uint8_t bnd_sz[22];
    uint8_t coded_band_struct[22];
    const uint8_t *band_struct;

    n_subbands = end_subband - start_subband;

    /* decode band structure from bitstream or use default */
    if (!eac3 || get_bits1(gbc)) {
        for (subbnd = 0; subbnd < n_subbands - 1; subbnd++) {
            coded_band_struct[subbnd] = get_bits1(gbc);
        }
        band_struct = coded_band_struct;
    } else if (!blk) {
        band_struct = &default_band_struct[start_subband+1];
    } else {
        /* no change in band structure */
        return;
    }

    /* calculate number of bands and band sizes based on band structure.
       note that the first 4 subbands in enhanced coupling span only 6 bins
       instead of 12. */
    if (num_bands || band_sizes ) {
        n_bands = n_subbands;
        bnd_sz[0] = ecpl ? 6 : 12;
        for (bnd = 0, subbnd = 1; subbnd < n_subbands; subbnd++) {
            int subbnd_size = (ecpl && subbnd < 4) ? 6 : 12;
            if (band_struct[subbnd - 1]) {
                n_bands--;
                bnd_sz[bnd] += subbnd_size;
            } else {
                bnd_sz[++bnd] = subbnd_size;
            }
        }
    }

    /* set optional output params */
    if (num_bands)
        *num_bands = n_bands;
    if (band_sizes)
        memcpy(band_sizes, bnd_sz, n_bands);
}

/**
 * Decode a single audio block from the AC-3 bitstream.
 */
static int decode_audio_block(AC3DecodeContext *s, int blk)
{
    int fbw_channels = s->fbw_channels;
    int channel_mode = s->channel_mode;
    int i, bnd, seg, ch;
    int different_transforms;
    int downmix_output;
    int cpl_in_use;
    GetBitContext *gbc = &s->gbc;
    uint8_t bit_alloc_stages[AC3_MAX_CHANNELS] = { 0 };

    /* block switch flags */
    different_transforms = 0;
    if (s->block_switch_syntax) {
        for (ch = 1; ch <= fbw_channels; ch++) {
            s->block_switch[ch] = get_bits1(gbc);
            if (ch > 1 && s->block_switch[ch] != s->block_switch[1])
                different_transforms = 1;
        }
    }

    /* dithering flags */
    if (s->dither_flag_syntax) {
        for (ch = 1; ch <= fbw_channels; ch++) {
            s->dither_flag[ch] = get_bits1(gbc);
        }
    }

    /* dynamic range */
    i = !s->channel_mode;
    do {
        if (get_bits1(gbc)) {
            s->dynamic_range[i] = powf(dynamic_range_tab[get_bits(gbc, 8)],
                                       s->drc_scale);
        } else if (blk == 0) {
            s->dynamic_range[i] = 1.0f;
        }
    } while (i--);

    /* spectral extension strategy */
    if (s->eac3 && (!blk || get_bits1(gbc))) {
        s->spx_in_use = get_bits1(gbc);
        if (s->spx_in_use) {
            int dst_start_freq, dst_end_freq, src_start_freq,
                start_subband, end_subband;

            /* determine which channels use spx */
            if (s->channel_mode == AC3_CHMODE_MONO) {
                s->channel_uses_spx[1] = 1;
            } else {
                for (ch = 1; ch <= fbw_channels; ch++)
                    s->channel_uses_spx[ch] = get_bits1(gbc);
            }

            /* get the frequency bins of the spx copy region and the spx start
               and end subbands */
            dst_start_freq = get_bits(gbc, 2);
            start_subband  = get_bits(gbc, 3) + 2;
            if (start_subband > 7)
                start_subband += start_subband - 7;
            end_subband    = get_bits(gbc, 3) + 5;
            if (end_subband   > 7)
                end_subband   += end_subband   - 7;
            dst_start_freq = dst_start_freq * 12 + 25;
            src_start_freq = start_subband  * 12 + 25;
            dst_end_freq   = end_subband    * 12 + 25;

            /* check validity of spx ranges */
            if (start_subband >= end_subband) {
                av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid spectral extension "
                       "range (%d >= %d)\n", start_subband, end_subband);
                return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
            }
            if (dst_start_freq >= src_start_freq) {
                av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid spectral extension "
                       "copy start bin (%d >= %d)\n", dst_start_freq, src_start_freq);
                return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
            }

            s->spx_dst_start_freq = dst_start_freq;
            s->spx_src_start_freq = src_start_freq;
            s->spx_dst_end_freq   = dst_end_freq;

            decode_band_structure(gbc, blk, s->eac3, 0,
                                  start_subband, end_subband,
                                  ff_eac3_default_spx_band_struct,
                                  &s->num_spx_bands,
                                  s->spx_band_sizes);
        } else {
            for (ch = 1; ch <= fbw_channels; ch++) {
                s->channel_uses_spx[ch] = 0;
                s->first_spx_coords[ch] = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    /* spectral extension coordinates */
    if (s->spx_in_use) {
        for (ch = 1; ch <= fbw_channels; ch++) {
            if (s->channel_uses_spx[ch]) {
                if (s->first_spx_coords[ch] || get_bits1(gbc)) {
                    float spx_blend;
                    int bin, master_spx_coord;

                    s->first_spx_coords[ch] = 0;
                    spx_blend = get_bits(gbc, 5) * (1.0f/32);
                    master_spx_coord = get_bits(gbc, 2) * 3;

                    bin = s->spx_src_start_freq;
                    for (bnd = 0; bnd < s->num_spx_bands; bnd++) {
                        int bandsize;
                        int spx_coord_exp, spx_coord_mant;
                        float nratio, sblend, nblend, spx_coord;

                        /* calculate blending factors */
                        bandsize = s->spx_band_sizes[bnd];
                        nratio = ((float)((bin + (bandsize >> 1))) / s->spx_dst_end_freq) - spx_blend;
                        nratio = av_clipf(nratio, 0.0f, 1.0f);
                        nblend = sqrtf(3.0f * nratio); // noise is scaled by sqrt(3)
                                                       // to give unity variance
                        sblend = sqrtf(1.0f - nratio);
                        bin += bandsize;

                        /* decode spx coordinates */
                        spx_coord_exp  = get_bits(gbc, 4);
                        spx_coord_mant = get_bits(gbc, 2);
                        if (spx_coord_exp == 15) spx_coord_mant <<= 1;
                        else                     spx_coord_mant += 4;
                        spx_coord_mant <<= (25 - spx_coord_exp - master_spx_coord);
                        spx_coord = spx_coord_mant * (1.0f / (1 << 23));

                        /* multiply noise and signal blending factors by spx coordinate */
                        s->spx_noise_blend [ch][bnd] = nblend * spx_coord;
                        s->spx_signal_blend[ch][bnd] = sblend * spx_coord;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                s->first_spx_coords[ch] = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    /* coupling strategy */
    if (s->eac3 ? s->cpl_strategy_exists[blk] : get_bits1(gbc)) {
        memset(bit_alloc_stages, 3, AC3_MAX_CHANNELS);
        if (!s->eac3)
            s->cpl_in_use[blk] = get_bits1(gbc);
        if (s->cpl_in_use[blk]) {
            /* coupling in use */
            int cpl_start_subband, cpl_end_subband;

            if (channel_mode < AC3_CHMODE_STEREO) {
                av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "coupling not allowed in mono or dual-mono\n");
                return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
            }

            /* check for enhanced coupling */
            if (s->eac3 && get_bits1(gbc)) {
                /* TODO: parse enhanced coupling strategy info */
                avpriv_request_sample(s->avctx, "Enhanced coupling");
                return AVERROR_PATCHWELCOME;
            }

            /* determine which channels are coupled */
            if (s->eac3 && s->channel_mode == AC3_CHMODE_STEREO) {
                s->channel_in_cpl[1] = 1;
                s->channel_in_cpl[2] = 1;
            } else {
                for (ch = 1; ch <= fbw_channels; ch++)
                    s->channel_in_cpl[ch] = get_bits1(gbc);
            }

            /* phase flags in use */
            if (channel_mode == AC3_CHMODE_STEREO)
                s->phase_flags_in_use = get_bits1(gbc);

            /* coupling frequency range */
            cpl_start_subband = get_bits(gbc, 4);
            cpl_end_subband = s->spx_in_use ? (s->spx_src_start_freq - 37) / 12 :
                                              get_bits(gbc, 4) + 3;
            if (cpl_start_subband >= cpl_end_subband) {
                av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid coupling range (%d >= %d)\n",
                       cpl_start_subband, cpl_end_subband);
                return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
            }
            s->start_freq[CPL_CH] = cpl_start_subband * 12 + 37;
            s->end_freq[CPL_CH]   = cpl_end_subband   * 12 + 37;

            decode_band_structure(gbc, blk, s->eac3, 0, cpl_start_subband,
                                  cpl_end_subband,
                                  ff_eac3_default_cpl_band_struct,
                                  &s->num_cpl_bands, s->cpl_band_sizes);
        } else {
            /* coupling not in use */
            for (ch = 1; ch <= fbw_channels; ch++) {
                s->channel_in_cpl[ch] = 0;
                s->first_cpl_coords[ch] = 1;
            }
            s->first_cpl_leak = s->eac3;
            s->phase_flags_in_use = 0;
        }
    } else if (!s->eac3) {
        if (!blk) {
            av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "new coupling strategy must "
                   "be present in block 0\n");
            return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
        } else {
            s->cpl_in_use[blk] = s->cpl_in_use[blk-1];
        }
    }
    cpl_in_use = s->cpl_in_use[blk];

    /* coupling coordinates */
    if (cpl_in_use) {
        int cpl_coords_exist = 0;

        for (ch = 1; ch <= fbw_channels; ch++) {
            if (s->channel_in_cpl[ch]) {
                if ((s->eac3 && s->first_cpl_coords[ch]) || get_bits1(gbc)) {
                    int master_cpl_coord, cpl_coord_exp, cpl_coord_mant;
                    s->first_cpl_coords[ch] = 0;
                    cpl_coords_exist = 1;
                    master_cpl_coord = 3 * get_bits(gbc, 2);
                    for (bnd = 0; bnd < s->num_cpl_bands; bnd++) {
                        cpl_coord_exp = get_bits(gbc, 4);
                        cpl_coord_mant = get_bits(gbc, 4);
                        if (cpl_coord_exp == 15)
                            s->cpl_coords[ch][bnd] = cpl_coord_mant << 22;
                        else
                            s->cpl_coords[ch][bnd] = (cpl_coord_mant + 16) << 21;
                        s->cpl_coords[ch][bnd] >>= (cpl_coord_exp + master_cpl_coord);
                    }
                } else if (!blk) {
                    av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "new coupling coordinates must "
                           "be present in block 0\n");
                    return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
                }
            } else {
                /* channel not in coupling */
                s->first_cpl_coords[ch] = 1;
            }
        }
        /* phase flags */
        if (channel_mode == AC3_CHMODE_STEREO && cpl_coords_exist) {
            for (bnd = 0; bnd < s->num_cpl_bands; bnd++) {
                s->phase_flags[bnd] = s->phase_flags_in_use? get_bits1(gbc) : 0;
            }
        }
    }

    /* stereo rematrixing strategy and band structure */
    if (channel_mode == AC3_CHMODE_STEREO) {
        if ((s->eac3 && !blk) || get_bits1(gbc)) {
            s->num_rematrixing_bands = 4;
            if (cpl_in_use && s->start_freq[CPL_CH] <= 61) {
                s->num_rematrixing_bands -= 1 + (s->start_freq[CPL_CH] == 37);
            } else if (s->spx_in_use && s->spx_src_start_freq <= 61) {
                s->num_rematrixing_bands--;
            }
            for (bnd = 0; bnd < s->num_rematrixing_bands; bnd++)