ffprobe.c

            else
                av_bprint_chars(dst, c, 1);
            break;
        }
    }
    return dst->str;
}

static void ini_print_chapter_header(WriterContext *wctx, const char *chapter)
{
    INIContext *ini = wctx->priv;

    av_bprint_clear(&ini->chapter_name);
    av_bprintf(&ini->chapter_name, "%s", chapter);

    if (wctx->nb_chapter)
        printf("\n");
}

static void ini_print_section_header(WriterContext *wctx, const char *section)
{
    INIContext *ini = wctx->priv;
    int n = wctx->is_packets_and_frames ? wctx->nb_section_packet_frame
                                        : wctx->nb_section;
    if (wctx->nb_section)
        printf("\n");
    av_bprint_clear(&ini->section_name);

    if (ini->hierarchical && wctx->multiple_sections)
        av_bprintf(&ini->section_name, "%s.", ini->chapter_name.str);
    av_bprintf(&ini->section_name, "%s", section);

    if (wctx->multiple_sections)
        av_bprintf(&ini->section_name, ".%d", n);
    printf("[%s]\n", ini->section_name.str);
}

static void ini_print_str(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, const char *value)
{
    AVBPrint buf;

    av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
    printf("%s=", ini_escape_str(&buf, key));
    av_bprint_clear(&buf);
    printf("%s\n", ini_escape_str(&buf, value));
    av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);
}

static void ini_print_int(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, long long int value)
{
    printf("%s=%lld\n", key, value);
}

static void ini_show_tags(WriterContext *wctx, AVDictionary *dict)
{
    INIContext *ini = wctx->priv;
    AVDictionaryEntry *tag = NULL;
    int is_first = 1;

    while ((tag = av_dict_get(dict, "", tag, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX))) {
        if (is_first) {
            printf("\n[%s.tags]\n", ini->section_name.str);
            is_first = 0;
        }
        writer_print_string(wctx, tag->key, tag->value, 0);
    }
}

static const Writer ini_writer = {
    .name                  = "ini",
    .priv_size             = sizeof(INIContext),
    .init                  = ini_init,
    .uninit                = ini_uninit,
    .print_header          = ini_print_header,
    .print_chapter_header  = ini_print_chapter_header,
    .print_section_header  = ini_print_section_header,
    .print_integer         = ini_print_int,
    .print_string          = ini_print_str,
    .show_tags             = ini_show_tags,
    .flags = WRITER_FLAG_DISPLAY_OPTIONAL_FIELDS|WRITER_FLAG_PUT_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES_IN_SAME_CHAPTER,
};

/* JSON output */

typedef struct {
    const AVClass *class;
    int indent_level;
    int compact;
    const char *item_sep, *item_start_end;
} JSONContext;

#undef OFFSET
#define OFFSET(x) offsetof(JSONContext, x)

static const AVOption json_options[]= {
    { "compact", "enable compact output", OFFSET(compact), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.dbl=0}, 0, 1 },
    { "c",       "enable compact output", OFFSET(compact), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.dbl=0}, 0, 1 },
    { NULL }
};

static const char *json_get_name(void *ctx)
{
    return "json";
}

static const AVClass json_class = {
    "JSONContext",
    json_get_name,
    json_options
};

static av_cold int json_init(WriterContext *wctx, const char *args, void *opaque)
{
    JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;
    int err;

    json->class = &json_class;
    av_opt_set_defaults(json);

    if (args &&
        (err = (av_set_options_string(json, args, "=", ":"))) < 0)
        return err;

    json->item_sep       = json->compact ? ", " : ",\n";
    json->item_start_end = json->compact ? " "  : "\n";

    return 0;
}

static const char *json_escape_str(AVBPrint *dst, const char *src, void *log_ctx)
{
    static const char json_escape[] = {'"', '\\', '\b', '\f', '\n', '\r', '\t', 0};
    static const char json_subst[]  = {'"', '\\',  'b',  'f',  'n',  'r',  't', 0};
    const char *p;

    for (p = src; *p; p++) {
        char *s = strchr(json_escape, *p);
        if (s) {
            av_bprint_chars(dst, '\\', 1);
            av_bprint_chars(dst, json_subst[s - json_escape], 1);
        } else if ((unsigned char)*p < 32) {
            av_bprintf(dst, "\\u00%02x", *p & 0xff);
        } else {
            av_bprint_chars(dst, *p, 1);
        }
    }
    return dst->str;
}

static void json_print_header(WriterContext *wctx)
{
    JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;
    printf("{");
    json->indent_level++;
}

static void json_print_footer(WriterContext *wctx)
{
    JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;
    json->indent_level--;
    printf("\n}\n");
}

#define JSON_INDENT() printf("%*c", json->indent_level * 4, ' ')

static void json_print_chapter_header(WriterContext *wctx, const char *chapter)
{
    JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;
    AVBPrint buf;

    if (wctx->nb_chapter)
        printf(",");
    printf("\n");
    if (wctx->multiple_sections) {
        JSON_INDENT();
        av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
        printf("\"%s\": [\n", json_escape_str(&buf, chapter, wctx));
        av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);
        json->indent_level++;
    }
}

static void json_print_chapter_footer(WriterContext *wctx, const char *chapter)
{
    JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;

    if (wctx->multiple_sections) {
        printf("\n");
        json->indent_level--;
        JSON_INDENT();
        printf("]");
    }
}

static void json_print_section_header(WriterContext *wctx, const char *section)
{
    JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;

    if (wctx->nb_section)
        printf(",\n");
    JSON_INDENT();
    if (!wctx->multiple_sections)
        printf("\"%s\": ", section);
    printf("{%s", json->item_start_end);
    json->indent_level++;
    /* this is required so the parser can distinguish between packets and frames */
    if (wctx->is_packets_and_frames) {
        if (!json->compact)
            JSON_INDENT();
        printf("\"type\": \"%s\"%s", section, json->item_sep);
    }
}

static void json_print_section_footer(WriterContext *wctx, const char *section)
{
    JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;

    printf("%s", json->item_start_end);
    json->indent_level--;
    if (!json->compact)
        JSON_INDENT();
    printf("}");
}

static inline void json_print_item_str(WriterContext *wctx,
                                       const char *key, const char *value)
{
    AVBPrint buf;

    av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
    printf("\"%s\":", json_escape_str(&buf, key,   wctx));
    av_bprint_clear(&buf);
    printf(" \"%s\"", json_escape_str(&buf, value, wctx));
    av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);
}

static void json_print_str(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, const char *value)
{
    JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;

    if (wctx->nb_item) printf("%s", json->item_sep);
    if (!json->compact)
        JSON_INDENT();
    json_print_item_str(wctx, key, value);
}

static void json_print_int(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, long long int value)
{
    JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;
    AVBPrint buf;

    if (wctx->nb_item) printf("%s", json->item_sep);
    if (!json->compact)
        JSON_INDENT();

    av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
    printf("\"%s\": %lld", json_escape_str(&buf, key, wctx), value);
    av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);
}

static void json_show_tags(WriterContext *wctx, AVDictionary *dict)
{
    JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;
    AVDictionaryEntry *tag = NULL;
    int is_first = 1;
    if (!dict)
        return;
    printf("%s", json->item_sep);
    if (!json->compact)
        JSON_INDENT();
    printf("\"tags\": {%s", json->item_start_end);
    json->indent_level++;
    while ((tag = av_dict_get(dict, "", tag, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX))) {
        if (is_first) is_first = 0;
        else          printf("%s", json->item_sep);
        if (!json->compact)
            JSON_INDENT();
        json_print_item_str(wctx, tag->key, tag->value);
    }
    json->indent_level--;
    printf("%s", json->item_start_end);
    if (!json->compact)
        JSON_INDENT();
    printf("}");
}

static const Writer json_writer = {
    .name                 = "json",
    .priv_size            = sizeof(JSONContext),
    .init                 = json_init,
    .print_header         = json_print_header,
    .print_footer         = json_print_footer,
    .print_chapter_header = json_print_chapter_header,
    .print_chapter_footer = json_print_chapter_footer,
    .print_section_header = json_print_section_header,
    .print_section_footer = json_print_section_footer,
    .print_integer        = json_print_int,
    .print_string         = json_print_str,
    .show_tags            = json_show_tags,
    .flags = WRITER_FLAG_PUT_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES_IN_SAME_CHAPTER,
};

/* XML output */

typedef struct {
    const AVClass *class;
    int within_tag;
    int indent_level;
    int fully_qualified;
    int xsd_strict;
} XMLContext;

#undef OFFSET
#define OFFSET(x) offsetof(XMLContext, x)

static const AVOption xml_options[] = {
    {"fully_qualified", "specify if the output should be fully qualified", OFFSET(fully_qualified), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.dbl=0},  0, 1 },
    {"q",               "specify if the output should be fully qualified", OFFSET(fully_qualified), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.dbl=0},  0, 1 },
    {"xsd_strict",      "ensure that the output is XSD compliant",         OFFSET(xsd_strict),      AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.dbl=0},  0, 1 },
    {"x",               "ensure that the output is XSD compliant",         OFFSET(xsd_strict),      AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.dbl=0},  0, 1 },
    {NULL},
};

static const char *xml_get_name(void *ctx)
{
    return "xml";
}

static const AVClass xml_class = {
    "XMLContext",
    xml_get_name,
    xml_options
};

static av_cold int xml_init(WriterContext *wctx, const char *args, void *opaque)
{
    XMLContext *xml = wctx->priv;
    int err;

    xml->class = &xml_class;
    av_opt_set_defaults(xml);

    if (args &&
        (err = (av_set_options_string(xml, args, "=", ":"))) < 0)
        return err;

    if (xml->xsd_strict) {
        xml->fully_qualified = 1;
#define CHECK_COMPLIANCE(opt, opt_name)                                 \
        if (opt) {                                                      \
            av_log(wctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,                                  \
                   "XSD-compliant output selected but option '%s' was selected, XML output may be non-compliant.\n" \
                   "You need to disable such option with '-no%s'\n", opt_name, opt_name); \
            return AVERROR(EINVAL);                                     \
        }
        CHECK_COMPLIANCE(show_private_data, "private");
        CHECK_COMPLIANCE(show_value_unit,   "unit");
        CHECK_COMPLIANCE(use_value_prefix,  "prefix");

        if (do_show_frames && do_show_packets) {
            av_log(wctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                   "Interleaved frames and packets are not allowed in XSD. "
                   "Select only one between the -show_frames and the -show_packets options.\n");
            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

static const char *xml_escape_str(AVBPrint *dst, const char *src, void *log_ctx)
{
    const char *p;

    for (p = src; *p; p++) {
        switch (*p) {
        case '&' : av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "&amp;");  break;
        case '<' : av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "&lt;");   break;
        case '>' : av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "&gt;");   break;
        case '\"': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "&quot;"); break;
        case '\'': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "&apos;"); break;
        default: av_bprint_chars(dst, *p, 1);
        }
    }

    return dst->str;
}

static void xml_print_header(WriterContext *wctx)
{
    XMLContext *xml = wctx->priv;
    const char *qual = " xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' "
        "xmlns:ffprobe='http://www.ffmpeg.org/schema/ffprobe' "
        "xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.ffmpeg.org/schema/ffprobe ffprobe.xsd'";

    printf("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n");
    printf("<%sffprobe%s>\n",
           xml->fully_qualified ? "ffprobe:" : "",
           xml->fully_qualified ? qual : "");

    xml->indent_level++;
}

static void xml_print_footer(WriterContext *wctx)
{
    XMLContext *xml = wctx->priv;

    xml->indent_level--;
    printf("</%sffprobe>\n", xml->fully_qualified ? "ffprobe:" : "");
}

#define XML_INDENT() printf("%*c", xml->indent_level * 4, ' ')

static void xml_print_chapter_header(WriterContext *wctx, const char *chapter)
{
    XMLContext *xml = wctx->priv;

    if (wctx->nb_chapter)
        printf("\n");
    if (wctx->multiple_sections) {
        XML_INDENT(); printf("<%s>\n", chapter);
        xml->indent_level++;
    }
}

static void xml_print_chapter_footer(WriterContext *wctx, const char *chapter)
{
    XMLContext *xml = wctx->priv;

    if (wctx->multiple_sections) {
        xml->indent_level--;
        XML_INDENT(); printf("</%s>\n", chapter);
    }
}

static void xml_print_section_header(WriterContext *wctx, const char *section)
{
    XMLContext *xml = wctx->priv;

    XML_INDENT(); printf("<%s ", section);
    xml->within_tag = 1;
}

static void xml_print_section_footer(WriterContext *wctx, const char *section)
{
    XMLContext *xml = wctx->priv;

    if (xml->within_tag)
        printf("/>\n");
    else {
        XML_INDENT(); printf("</%s>\n", section);
    }
}

static void xml_print_str(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, const char *value)
{
    AVBPrint buf;

    if (wctx->nb_item)
        printf(" ");
    av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
    printf("%s=\"%s\"", key, xml_escape_str(&buf, value, wctx));
    av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);
}

static void xml_print_int(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, long long int value)
{
    if (wctx->nb_item)
        printf(" ");
    printf("%s=\"%lld\"", key, value);
}

static void xml_show_tags(WriterContext *wctx, AVDictionary *dict)
{
    XMLContext *xml = wctx->priv;
    AVDictionaryEntry *tag = NULL;
    int is_first = 1;
    AVBPrint buf;

    av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
    xml->indent_level++;
    while ((tag = av_dict_get(dict, "", tag, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX))) {
        if (is_first) {
            /* close section tag */
            printf(">\n");
            xml->within_tag = 0;
            is_first = 0;
        }
        XML_INDENT();

        av_bprint_clear(&buf);
        printf("<tag key=\"%s\"", xml_escape_str(&buf, tag->key, wctx));
        av_bprint_clear(&buf);
        printf(" value=\"%s\"/>\n", xml_escape_str(&buf, tag->value, wctx));
    }
    av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);
    xml->indent_level--;
}

static Writer xml_writer = {
    .name                 = "xml",
    .priv_size            = sizeof(XMLContext),
    .init                 = xml_init,
    .print_header         = xml_print_header,
    .print_footer         = xml_print_footer,
    .print_chapter_header = xml_print_chapter_header,
    .print_chapter_footer = xml_print_chapter_footer,
    .print_section_header = xml_print_section_header,
    .print_section_footer = xml_print_section_footer,
    .print_integer        = xml_print_int,
    .print_string         = xml_print_str,
    .show_tags            = xml_show_tags,
    .flags = WRITER_FLAG_PUT_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES_IN_SAME_CHAPTER,
};

static void writer_register_all(void)
{
    static int initialized;

    if (initialized)
        return;
    initialized = 1;

    writer_register(&default_writer);
    writer_register(&compact_writer);
    writer_register(&csv_writer);
    writer_register(&flat_writer);
    writer_register(&ini_writer);
    writer_register(&json_writer);
    writer_register(&xml_writer);
}

#define print_fmt(k, f, ...) do {              \
    av_bprint_clear(&pbuf);                    \
    av_bprintf(&pbuf, f, __VA_ARGS__);         \
    writer_print_string(w, k, pbuf.str, 0);    \
} while (0)

#define print_int(k, v)         writer_print_integer(w, k, v)
#define print_q(k, v, s)        writer_print_rational(w, k, v, s)
#define print_str(k, v)         writer_print_string(w, k, v, 0)
#define print_str_opt(k, v)     writer_print_string(w, k, v, 1)
#define print_time(k, v, tb)    writer_print_time(w, k, v, tb, 0)
#define print_ts(k, v)          writer_print_ts(w, k, v, 0)
#define print_duration_time(k, v, tb) writer_print_time(w, k, v, tb, 1)
#define print_duration_ts(k, v)       writer_print_ts(w, k, v, 1)
#define print_val(k, v, u)      writer_print_string(w, k, \
    value_string(val_str, sizeof(val_str), (struct unit_value){.val.i = v, .unit=u}), 0)
#define print_section_header(s) writer_print_section_header(w, s)
#define print_section_footer(s) writer_print_section_footer(w, s)
#define show_tags(metadata)     writer_show_tags(w, metadata)

static void show_packet(WriterContext *w, AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, AVPacket *pkt, int packet_idx)
{
    char val_str[128];
    AVStream *st = fmt_ctx->streams[pkt->stream_index];
    AVBPrint pbuf;
    const char *s;

    av_bprint_init(&pbuf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);

    print_section_header("packet");
    s = av_get_media_type_string(st->codec->codec_type);
    if (s) print_str    ("codec_type", s);
    else   print_str_opt("codec_type", "unknown");
    print_int("stream_index",     pkt->stream_index);
    print_ts  ("pts",             pkt->pts);
    print_time("pts_time",        pkt->pts, &st->time_base);
    print_ts  ("dts",             pkt->dts);
    print_time("dts_time",        pkt->dts, &st->time_base);
    print_duration_ts("duration",        pkt->duration);
    print_duration_time("duration_time", pkt->duration, &st->time_base);
    print_duration_ts("convergence_duration", pkt->convergence_duration);
    print_duration_time("convergence_duration_time", pkt->convergence_duration, &st->time_base);
    print_val("size",             pkt->size, unit_byte_str);
    if (pkt->pos != -1) print_fmt    ("pos", "%"PRId64, pkt->pos);
    else                print_str_opt("pos", "N/A");
    print_fmt("flags", "%c",      pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY ? 'K' : '_');
    if (do_show_data)
        writer_print_data(w, "data", pkt->data, pkt->size);
    print_section_footer("packet");

    av_bprint_finalize(&pbuf, NULL);
    fflush(stdout);
}

static void show_frame(WriterContext *w, AVFrame *frame, AVStream *stream,
                       AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx)
{
    AVBPrint pbuf;
    const char *s;

    av_bprint_init(&pbuf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);

    print_section_header("frame");

    s = av_get_media_type_string(stream->codec->codec_type);
    if (s) print_str    ("media_type", s);
    else   print_str_opt("media_type", "unknown");
    print_int("key_frame",              frame->key_frame);
    print_ts  ("pkt_pts",               frame->pkt_pts);
    print_time("pkt_pts_time",          frame->pkt_pts, &stream->time_base);
    print_ts  ("pkt_dts",               frame->pkt_dts);
    print_time("pkt_dts_time",          frame->pkt_dts, &stream->time_base);
    print_duration_ts  ("pkt_duration",      frame->pkt_duration);
    print_duration_time("pkt_duration_time", frame->pkt_duration, &stream->time_base);
    if (frame->pkt_pos != -1) print_fmt    ("pkt_pos", "%"PRId64, frame->pkt_pos);
    else                      print_str_opt("pkt_pos", "N/A");

    switch (stream->codec->codec_type) {
        AVRational sar;

    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
        print_int("width",                  frame->width);
        print_int("height",                 frame->height);
        s = av_get_pix_fmt_name(frame->format);
        if (s) print_str    ("pix_fmt", s);
        else   print_str_opt("pix_fmt", "unknown");
        sar = av_guess_sample_aspect_ratio(fmt_ctx, stream, frame);
        if (sar.num) {
            print_q("sample_aspect_ratio", sar, ':');
        } else {
            print_str_opt("sample_aspect_ratio", "N/A");
        }
        print_fmt("pict_type",              "%c", av_get_picture_type_char(frame->pict_type));
        print_int("coded_picture_number",   frame->coded_picture_number);
        print_int("display_picture_number", frame->display_picture_number);
        print_int("interlaced_frame",       frame->interlaced_frame);
        print_int("top_field_first",        frame->top_field_first);
        print_int("repeat_pict",            frame->repeat_pict);
        print_int("reference",              frame->reference);
        break;

    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
        s = av_get_sample_fmt_name(frame->format);
        if (s) print_str    ("sample_fmt", s);
        else   print_str_opt("sample_fmt", "unknown");
        print_int("nb_samples",         frame->nb_samples);
        print_int("channels", av_frame_get_channels(frame));
        if (av_frame_get_channel_layout(frame)) {
            av_bprint_clear(&pbuf);
            av_bprint_channel_layout(&pbuf, av_frame_get_channels(frame),
                                     av_frame_get_channel_layout(frame));
            print_str    ("channel_layout", pbuf.str);
        } else
            print_str_opt("channel_layout", "unknown");
        break;
    }
    show_tags(av_frame_get_metadata(frame));

    print_section_footer("frame");

    av_bprint_finalize(&pbuf, NULL);
    fflush(stdout);
}

static av_always_inline int process_frame(WriterContext *w,
                                          AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx,
                                          AVFrame *frame, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    AVCodecContext *dec_ctx = fmt_ctx->streams[pkt->stream_index]->codec;
    int ret = 0, got_frame = 0;

    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(frame);
    if (dec_ctx->codec) {
        switch (dec_ctx->codec_type) {
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
            ret = avcodec_decode_video2(dec_ctx, frame, &got_frame, pkt);
            break;

        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
            ret = avcodec_decode_audio4(dec_ctx, frame, &got_frame, pkt);
            break;
        }
    }

    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    ret = FFMIN(ret, pkt->size); /* guard against bogus return values */
    pkt->data += ret;
    pkt->size -= ret;
    if (got_frame) {
        nb_streams_frames[pkt->stream_index]++;
        if (do_show_frames)
            show_frame(w, frame, fmt_ctx->streams[pkt->stream_index], fmt_ctx);
    }
    return got_frame;
}

static void read_packets(WriterContext *w, AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx)
{
    AVPacket pkt, pkt1;
    AVFrame frame;
    int i = 0;

    av_init_packet(&pkt);

    while (!av_read_frame(fmt_ctx, &pkt)) {
        if (do_read_packets) {
            if (do_show_packets)
                show_packet(w, fmt_ctx, &pkt, i++);
            nb_streams_packets[pkt.stream_index]++;
        }
        if (do_read_frames) {
            pkt1 = pkt;
            while (pkt1.size && process_frame(w, fmt_ctx, &frame, &pkt1) > 0);
        }
        av_free_packet(&pkt);
    }
    av_init_packet(&pkt);
    pkt.data = NULL;
    pkt.size = 0;
    //Flush remaining frames that are cached in the decoder
    for (i = 0; i < fmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
        pkt.stream_index = i;
        if (do_read_frames)
            while (process_frame(w, fmt_ctx, &frame, &pkt) > 0);
    }
}

static void show_stream(WriterContext *w, AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, int stream_idx)
{
    AVStream *stream = fmt_ctx->streams[stream_idx];
    AVCodecContext *dec_ctx;
    const AVCodec *dec;
    char val_str[128];
    const char *s;
    AVRational sar, dar;
    AVBPrint pbuf;

    av_bprint_init(&pbuf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);

    print_section_header("stream");

    print_int("index", stream->index);

    if ((dec_ctx = stream->codec)) {
        const char *profile = NULL;
        if ((dec = dec_ctx->codec)) {
            print_str("codec_name",      dec->name);
            print_str("codec_long_name", dec->long_name);
        } else {
            print_str_opt("codec_name",      "unknown");
            print_str_opt("codec_long_name", "unknown");
        }

        if (dec && (profile = av_get_profile_name(dec, dec_ctx->profile)))
            print_str("profile", profile);
        else
            print_str_opt("profile", "unknown");

        s = av_get_media_type_string(dec_ctx->codec_type);
        if (s) print_str    ("codec_type", s);
        else   print_str_opt("codec_type", "unknown");
        print_q("codec_time_base", dec_ctx->time_base, '/');

        /* print AVI/FourCC tag */
        av_get_codec_tag_string(val_str, sizeof(val_str), dec_ctx->codec_tag);
        print_str("codec_tag_string",    val_str);
        print_fmt("codec_tag", "0x%04x", dec_ctx->codec_tag);

        switch (dec_ctx->codec_type) {
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
            print_int("width",        dec_ctx->width);
            print_int("height",       dec_ctx->height);
            print_int("has_b_frames", dec_ctx->has_b_frames);
            sar = av_guess_sample_aspect_ratio(fmt_ctx, stream, NULL);
            if (sar.den) {
                print_q("sample_aspect_ratio", sar, ':');
                av_reduce(&dar.num, &dar.den,
                          dec_ctx->width  * sar.num,
                          dec_ctx->height * sar.den,
                          1024*1024);
                print_q("display_aspect_ratio", dar, ':');
            } else {
                print_str_opt("sample_aspect_ratio", "N/A");
                print_str_opt("display_aspect_ratio", "N/A");
            }
            s = av_get_pix_fmt_name(dec_ctx->pix_fmt);
            if (s) print_str    ("pix_fmt", s);
            else   print_str_opt("pix_fmt", "unknown");
            print_int("level",   dec_ctx->level);
            if (dec_ctx->timecode_frame_start >= 0) {
                char tcbuf[AV_TIMECODE_STR_SIZE];
                av_timecode_make_mpeg_tc_string(tcbuf, dec_ctx->timecode_frame_start);
                print_str("timecode", tcbuf);
            } else {
                print_str_opt("timecode", "N/A");
            }
            break;

        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
            s = av_get_sample_fmt_name(dec_ctx->sample_fmt);
            if (s) print_str    ("sample_fmt", s);
            else   print_str_opt("sample_fmt", "unknown");
            print_val("sample_rate",     dec_ctx->sample_rate, unit_hertz_str);
            print_int("channels",        dec_ctx->channels);
            print_int("bits_per_sample", av_get_bits_per_sample(dec_ctx->codec_id));
            break;
        }
    } else {
        print_str_opt("codec_type", "unknown");
    }
    if (dec_ctx->codec && dec_ctx->codec->priv_class && show_private_data) {
        const AVOption *opt = NULL;
        while (opt = av_opt_next(dec_ctx->priv_data,opt)) {
            uint8_t *str;
            if (opt->flags) continue;
            if (av_opt_get(dec_ctx->priv_data, opt->name, 0, &str) >= 0) {
                print_str(opt->name, str);
                av_free(str);
            }
        }
    }

    if (fmt_ctx->iformat->flags & AVFMT_SHOW_IDS) print_fmt    ("id", "0x%x", stream->id);
    else                                          print_str_opt("id", "N/A");
    print_q("r_frame_rate",   stream->r_frame_rate,   '/');
    print_q("avg_frame_rate", stream->avg_frame_rate, '/');
    print_q("time_base",      stream->time_base,      '/');
    print_time("start_time",    stream->start_time, &stream->time_base);
    print_time("duration",      stream->duration,   &stream->time_base);
    if (dec_ctx->bit_rate > 0) print_val    ("bit_rate", dec_ctx->bit_rate, unit_bit_per_second_str);
    else                       print_str_opt("bit_rate", "N/A");
    if (stream->nb_frames) print_fmt    ("nb_frames", "%"PRId64, stream->nb_frames);
    else                   print_str_opt("nb_frames", "N/A");
    if (nb_streams_frames[stream_idx])  print_fmt    ("nb_read_frames", "%"PRIu64, nb_streams_frames[stream_idx]);
    else                                print_str_opt("nb_read_frames", "N/A");
    if (nb_streams_packets[stream_idx]) print_fmt    ("nb_read_packets", "%"PRIu64, nb_streams_packets[stream_idx]);
    else                                print_str_opt("nb_read_packets", "N/A");
    if (do_show_data)
        writer_print_data(w, "extradata", dec_ctx->extradata,
                                          dec_ctx->extradata_size);
    show_tags(stream->metadata);

    print_section_footer("stream");
    av_bprint_finalize(&pbuf, NULL);
    fflush(stdout);
}

static void show_streams(WriterContext *w, AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < fmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++)
        show_stream(w, fmt_ctx, i);
}

static void show_format(WriterContext *w, AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx)
{
    char val_str[128];
    int64_t size = fmt_ctx->pb ? avio_size(fmt_ctx->pb) : -1;

    print_section_header("format");
    print_str("filename",         fmt_ctx->filename);
    print_int("nb_streams",       fmt_ctx->nb_streams);
    print_str("format_name",      fmt_ctx->iformat->name);
    print_str("format_long_name", fmt_ctx->iformat->long_name);
    print_time("start_time",      fmt_ctx->start_time, &AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
    print_time("duration",        fmt_ctx->duration,   &AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
    if (size >= 0) print_val    ("size", size, unit_byte_str);
    else           print_str_opt("size", "N/A");
    if (fmt_ctx->bit_rate > 0) print_val    ("bit_rate", fmt_ctx->bit_rate, unit_bit_per_second_str);
    else                       print_str_opt("bit_rate", "N/A");
    show_tags(fmt_ctx->metadata);
    print_section_footer("format");
    fflush(stdout);
}

static void show_error(WriterContext *w, int err)
{
    char errbuf[128];
    const char *errbuf_ptr = errbuf;

    if (av_strerror(err, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)) < 0)
        errbuf_ptr = strerror(AVUNERROR(err));

    writer_print_chapter_header(w, "error");
    print_section_header("error");
    print_int("code", err);
    print_str("string", errbuf_ptr);
    print_section_footer("error");
    writer_print_chapter_footer(w, "error");
}

static int open_input_file(AVFormatContext **fmt_ctx_ptr, const char *filename)
{
    int err, i;
    AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx = NULL;
    AVDictionaryEntry *t;

    if ((err = avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx, filename,
                                   iformat, &format_opts)) < 0) {
        print_error(filename, err);
        return err;
    }
    if ((t = av_dict_get(format_opts, "", NULL, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX))) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Option %s not found.\n", t->key);
        return AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND;
    }


    /* fill the streams in the format context */
    if ((err = avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, NULL)) < 0) {
        print_error(filename, err);
        return err;
    }

    av_dump_format(fmt_ctx, 0, filename, 0);

    /* bind a decoder to each input stream */
    for (i = 0; i < fmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
        AVStream *stream = fmt_ctx->streams[i];
        AVCodec *codec;

        if (stream->codec->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PROBE) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                   "Failed to probe codec for input stream %d\n",
                    stream->index);
        } else if (!(codec = avcodec_find_decoder(stream->codec->codec_id))) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                    "Unsupported codec with id %d for input stream %d\n",
                    stream->codec->codec_id, stream->index);
        } else if (avcodec_open2(stream->codec, codec, NULL) < 0) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error while opening codec for input stream %d\n",
                   stream->index);
        }
    }

    *fmt_ctx_ptr = fmt_ctx;
    return 0;
}

static void close_input_file(AVFormatContext **ctx_ptr)
{
    int i;
    AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx = *ctx_ptr;

    /* close decoder for each stream */
    for (i = 0; i < fmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++)
        if (fmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec->codec_id != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE)
            avcodec_close(fmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec);

    avformat_close_input(ctx_ptr);
}

#define PRINT_CHAPTER(name) do {                                        \
    if (do_show_ ## name) {                                             \
        writer_print_chapter_header(wctx, #name);                       \
        show_ ## name (wctx, fmt_ctx);                                  \
        writer_print_chapter_footer(wctx, #name);                       \
    }                                                                   \
} while (0)

static int probe_file(WriterContext *wctx, const char *filename)
{
    AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx;
    int ret;

    do_read_frames = do_show_frames || do_count_frames;
    do_read_packets = do_show_packets || do_count_packets;

    ret = open_input_file(&fmt_ctx, filename);
    if (ret >= 0) {
        nb_streams_frames  = av_calloc(fmt_ctx->nb_streams, sizeof(*nb_streams_frames));
        nb_streams_packets = av_calloc(fmt_ctx->nb_streams, sizeof(*nb_streams_packets));
        if (do_read_frames || do_read_packets) {
            const char *chapter;
            if (do_show_frames && do_show_packets &&
                wctx->writer->flags & WRITER_FLAG_PUT_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES_IN_SAME_CHAPTER)
                chapter = "packets_and_frames";
            else if (do_show_packets && !do_show_frames)
                chapter = "packets";
            else // (!do_show_packets && do_show_frames)
                chapter = "frames";
            if (do_show_frames || do_show_packets)
                writer_print_chapter_header(wctx, chapter);
            read_packets(wctx, fmt_ctx);
            if (do_show_frames || do_show_packets)
                writer_print_chapter_footer(wctx, chapter);
        }
        PRINT_CHAPTER(streams);
        PRINT_CHAPTER(format);
        close_input_file(&fmt_ctx);
        av_freep(&nb_streams_frames);
        av_freep(&nb_streams_packets);
    }
    return ret;
}

static void show_usage(void)
{
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "Simple multimedia streams analyzer\n");
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "usage: %s [OPTIONS] [INPUT_FILE]\n", program_name);
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "\n");
}

static void ffprobe_show_program_version(WriterContext *w)
{
    AVBPrint pbuf;
    av_bprint_init(&pbuf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);