avconv.c

/*
 * avconv main
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2011 The libav developers.
 *
 * This file is part of Libav.
 *
 * Libav is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * Libav is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with Libav; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#include "config.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavdevice/avdevice.h"
#include "libswscale/swscale.h"
#include "libavresample/avresample.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "libavutil/audioconvert.h"
#include "libavutil/parseutils.h"
#include "libavutil/samplefmt.h"
#include "libavutil/colorspace.h"
#include "libavutil/fifo.h"
#include "libavutil/intreadwrite.h"
#include "libavutil/dict.h"
#include "libavutil/mathematics.h"
#include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"
#include "libavutil/avstring.h"
#include "libavutil/libm.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
#include "libavformat/os_support.h"

# include "libavfilter/avfilter.h"
# include "libavfilter/avfiltergraph.h"
# include "libavfilter/buffersrc.h"
# include "libavfilter/buffersink.h"
# include "libavfilter/vsrc_buffer.h"

#if HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#elif HAVE_GETPROCESSTIMES
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_GETPROCESSMEMORYINFO
#include <windows.h>
#include <psapi.h>
#endif

#if HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
#include <sys/select.h>
#endif

#include <time.h>

#include "cmdutils.h"

#include "libavutil/avassert.h"

#define VSYNC_AUTO       -1
#define VSYNC_PASSTHROUGH 0
#define VSYNC_CFR         1
#define VSYNC_VFR         2

const char program_name[] = "avconv";
const int program_birth_year = 2000;

/* select an input stream for an output stream */
typedef struct StreamMap {
    int disabled;           /** 1 is this mapping is disabled by a negative map */
    int file_index;
    int stream_index;
    int sync_file_index;
    int sync_stream_index;
    char *linklabel;       /** name of an output link, for mapping lavfi outputs */
} StreamMap;

/**
 * select an input file for an output file
 */
typedef struct MetadataMap {
    int  file;      ///< file index
    char type;      ///< type of metadata to copy -- (g)lobal, (s)tream, (c)hapter or (p)rogram
    int  index;     ///< stream/chapter/program number
} MetadataMap;

static const OptionDef options[];

static int video_discard = 0;
static int same_quant = 0;
static int do_deinterlace = 0;
static int intra_dc_precision = 8;
static int qp_hist = 0;

static int file_overwrite = 0;
static int do_benchmark = 0;
static int do_hex_dump = 0;
static int do_pkt_dump = 0;
static int do_pass = 0;
static char *pass_logfilename_prefix = NULL;
static int video_sync_method = VSYNC_AUTO;
static int audio_sync_method = 0;
static float audio_drift_threshold = 0.1;
static int copy_ts = 0;
static int copy_tb = 1;
static int opt_shortest = 0;
static char *vstats_filename;
static FILE *vstats_file;

static int audio_volume = 256;

static int exit_on_error = 0;
static int using_stdin = 0;
static int64_t video_size = 0;
static int64_t audio_size = 0;
static int64_t extra_size = 0;
static int nb_frames_dup = 0;
static int nb_frames_drop = 0;
static int input_sync;

static float dts_delta_threshold = 10;

static int print_stats = 1;

#define DEFAULT_PASS_LOGFILENAME_PREFIX "av2pass"

typedef struct InputFilter {
    AVFilterContext    *filter;
    struct InputStream *ist;
    struct FilterGraph *graph;
} InputFilter;

typedef struct OutputFilter {
    AVFilterContext     *filter;
    struct OutputStream *ost;
    struct FilterGraph  *graph;

    /* temporary storage until stream maps are processed */
    AVFilterInOut       *out_tmp;
} OutputFilter;

typedef struct FilterGraph {
    int            index;
    const char    *graph_desc;

    AVFilterGraph *graph;

    InputFilter   **inputs;
    int          nb_inputs;
    OutputFilter **outputs;
    int         nb_outputs;
} FilterGraph;

typedef struct FrameBuffer {
    uint8_t *base[4];
    uint8_t *data[4];
    int  linesize[4];

    int h, w;
    enum PixelFormat pix_fmt;

    int refcount;
    struct InputStream *ist;
    struct FrameBuffer *next;
} FrameBuffer;

typedef struct InputStream {
    int file_index;
    AVStream *st;
    int discard;             /* true if stream data should be discarded */
    int decoding_needed;     /* true if the packets must be decoded in 'raw_fifo' */
    AVCodec *dec;
    AVFrame *decoded_frame;

    int64_t       start;     /* time when read started */
    /* predicted dts of the next packet read for this stream or (when there are
     * several frames in a packet) of the next frame in current packet */
    int64_t       next_dts;
    /* dts of the last packet read for this stream */
    int64_t       last_dts;
    PtsCorrectionContext pts_ctx;
    double ts_scale;
    int is_start;            /* is 1 at the start and after a discontinuity */
    int showed_multi_packet_warning;
    AVDictionary *opts;

    int resample_height;
    int resample_width;
    int resample_pix_fmt;

    int      resample_sample_fmt;
    int      resample_sample_rate;
    int      resample_channels;
    uint64_t resample_channel_layout;

    /* a pool of free buffers for decoded data */
    FrameBuffer *buffer_pool;

    /* decoded data from this stream goes into all those filters
     * currently video and audio only */
    InputFilter **filters;
    int        nb_filters;
} InputStream;

typedef struct InputFile {
    AVFormatContext *ctx;
    int eof_reached;      /* true if eof reached */
    int ist_index;        /* index of first stream in ist_table */
    int buffer_size;      /* current total buffer size */
    int64_t ts_offset;
    int nb_streams;       /* number of stream that avconv is aware of; may be different
                             from ctx.nb_streams if new streams appear during av_read_frame() */
    int rate_emu;
} InputFile;

typedef struct OutputStream {
    int file_index;          /* file index */
    int index;               /* stream index in the output file */
    int source_index;        /* InputStream index */
    AVStream *st;            /* stream in the output file */
    int encoding_needed;     /* true if encoding needed for this stream */
    int frame_number;
    /* input pts and corresponding output pts
       for A/V sync */
    // double sync_ipts;        /* dts from the AVPacket of the demuxer in second units */
    struct InputStream *sync_ist; /* input stream to sync against */
    int64_t sync_opts;       /* output frame counter, could be changed to some true timestamp */ // FIXME look at frame_number
    /* pts of the first frame encoded for this stream, used for limiting
     * recording time */
    int64_t first_pts;
    AVBitStreamFilterContext *bitstream_filters;
    AVCodec *enc;
    int64_t max_frames;
    AVFrame *filtered_frame;

    /* video only */
    AVRational frame_rate;
    int force_fps;
    int top_field_first;

    float frame_aspect_ratio;
    float last_quality;

    /* forced key frames */
    int64_t *forced_kf_pts;
    int forced_kf_count;
    int forced_kf_index;

    FILE *logfile;

    OutputFilter *filter;
    char *avfilter;

    int64_t sws_flags;
    AVDictionary *opts;
    int is_past_recording_time;
    int stream_copy;
    const char *attachment_filename;
    int copy_initial_nonkeyframes;

    enum PixelFormat pix_fmts[2];
} OutputStream;


typedef struct OutputFile {
    AVFormatContext *ctx;
    AVDictionary *opts;
    int ost_index;       /* index of the first stream in output_streams */
    int64_t recording_time; /* desired length of the resulting file in microseconds */
    int64_t start_time;     /* start time in microseconds */
    uint64_t limit_filesize;
} OutputFile;

static InputStream **input_streams = NULL;
static int        nb_input_streams = 0;
static InputFile   **input_files   = NULL;
static int        nb_input_files   = 0;

static OutputStream **output_streams = NULL;
static int         nb_output_streams = 0;
static OutputFile   **output_files   = NULL;
static int         nb_output_files   = 0;

static FilterGraph **filtergraphs;
int               nb_filtergraphs;

typedef struct OptionsContext {
    /* input/output options */
    int64_t start_time;
    const char *format;

    SpecifierOpt *codec_names;
    int        nb_codec_names;
    SpecifierOpt *audio_channels;
    int        nb_audio_channels;
    SpecifierOpt *audio_sample_rate;
    int        nb_audio_sample_rate;
    SpecifierOpt *frame_rates;
    int        nb_frame_rates;
    SpecifierOpt *frame_sizes;
    int        nb_frame_sizes;
    SpecifierOpt *frame_pix_fmts;
    int        nb_frame_pix_fmts;

    /* input options */
    int64_t input_ts_offset;
    int rate_emu;

    SpecifierOpt *ts_scale;
    int        nb_ts_scale;
    SpecifierOpt *dump_attachment;
    int        nb_dump_attachment;

    /* output options */
    StreamMap *stream_maps;
    int     nb_stream_maps;
    /* first item specifies output metadata, second is input */
    MetadataMap (*meta_data_maps)[2];
    int nb_meta_data_maps;
    int metadata_global_manual;
    int metadata_streams_manual;
    int metadata_chapters_manual;
    const char **attachments;
    int       nb_attachments;

    int chapters_input_file;

    int64_t recording_time;
    uint64_t limit_filesize;
    float mux_preload;
    float mux_max_delay;

    int video_disable;
    int audio_disable;
    int subtitle_disable;
    int data_disable;

    /* indexed by output file stream index */
    int   *streamid_map;
    int nb_streamid_map;

    SpecifierOpt *metadata;
    int        nb_metadata;
    SpecifierOpt *max_frames;
    int        nb_max_frames;
    SpecifierOpt *bitstream_filters;
    int        nb_bitstream_filters;
    SpecifierOpt *codec_tags;
    int        nb_codec_tags;
    SpecifierOpt *sample_fmts;
    int        nb_sample_fmts;
    SpecifierOpt *qscale;
    int        nb_qscale;
    SpecifierOpt *forced_key_frames;
    int        nb_forced_key_frames;
    SpecifierOpt *force_fps;
    int        nb_force_fps;
    SpecifierOpt *frame_aspect_ratios;
    int        nb_frame_aspect_ratios;
    SpecifierOpt *rc_overrides;
    int        nb_rc_overrides;
    SpecifierOpt *intra_matrices;
    int        nb_intra_matrices;
    SpecifierOpt *inter_matrices;
    int        nb_inter_matrices;
    SpecifierOpt *top_field_first;
    int        nb_top_field_first;
    SpecifierOpt *metadata_map;
    int        nb_metadata_map;
    SpecifierOpt *presets;
    int        nb_presets;
    SpecifierOpt *copy_initial_nonkeyframes;
    int        nb_copy_initial_nonkeyframes;
    SpecifierOpt *filters;
    int        nb_filters;
} OptionsContext;

#define MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(name, type, outvar, fmtctx, st)\
{\
    int i, ret;\
    for (i = 0; i < o->nb_ ## name; i++) {\
        char *spec = o->name[i].specifier;\
        if ((ret = check_stream_specifier(fmtctx, st, spec)) > 0)\
            outvar = o->name[i].u.type;\
        else if (ret < 0)\
            exit_program(1);\
    }\
}

static void reset_options(OptionsContext *o)
{
    const OptionDef *po = options;
    int i;

    /* all OPT_SPEC and OPT_STRING can be freed in generic way */
    while (po->name) {
        void *dst = (uint8_t*)o + po->u.off;

        if (po->flags & OPT_SPEC) {
            SpecifierOpt **so = dst;
            int i, *count = (int*)(so + 1);
            for (i = 0; i < *count; i++) {
                av_freep(&(*so)[i].specifier);
                if (po->flags & OPT_STRING)
                    av_freep(&(*so)[i].u.str);
            }
            av_freep(so);
            *count = 0;
        } else if (po->flags & OPT_OFFSET && po->flags & OPT_STRING)
            av_freep(dst);
        po++;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < o->nb_stream_maps; i++)
        av_freep(&o->stream_maps[i].linklabel);
    av_freep(&o->stream_maps);
    av_freep(&o->meta_data_maps);
    av_freep(&o->streamid_map);

    memset(o, 0, sizeof(*o));

    o->mux_max_delay  = 0.7;
    o->recording_time = INT64_MAX;
    o->limit_filesize = UINT64_MAX;
    o->chapters_input_file = INT_MAX;

    uninit_opts();
    init_opts();
}

static int alloc_buffer(InputStream *ist, AVCodecContext *s, FrameBuffer **pbuf)
{
    FrameBuffer  *buf = av_mallocz(sizeof(*buf));
    int i, ret;
    const int pixel_size = av_pix_fmt_descriptors[s->pix_fmt].comp[0].step_minus1+1;
    int h_chroma_shift, v_chroma_shift;
    int edge = 32; // XXX should be avcodec_get_edge_width(), but that fails on svq1
    int w = s->width, h = s->height;

    if (!buf)
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);

    if (!(s->flags & CODEC_FLAG_EMU_EDGE)) {
        w += 2*edge;
        h += 2*edge;
    }

    avcodec_align_dimensions(s, &w, &h);
    if ((ret = av_image_alloc(buf->base, buf->linesize, w, h,
                              s->pix_fmt, 32)) < 0) {
        av_freep(&buf);
        return ret;
    }
    /* XXX this shouldn't be needed, but some tests break without this line
     * those decoders are buggy and need to be fixed.
     * the following tests fail:
     * cdgraphics, ansi, aasc, fraps-v1, qtrle-1bit
     */
    memset(buf->base[0], 128, ret);

    avcodec_get_chroma_sub_sample(s->pix_fmt, &h_chroma_shift, &v_chroma_shift);
    for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(buf->data); i++) {
        const int h_shift = i==0 ? 0 : h_chroma_shift;
        const int v_shift = i==0 ? 0 : v_chroma_shift;
        if (s->flags & CODEC_FLAG_EMU_EDGE)
            buf->data[i] = buf->base[i];
        else
            buf->data[i] = buf->base[i] +
                           FFALIGN((buf->linesize[i]*edge >> v_shift) +
                                   (pixel_size*edge >> h_shift), 32);
    }
    buf->w       = s->width;
    buf->h       = s->height;
    buf->pix_fmt = s->pix_fmt;
    buf->ist     = ist;

    *pbuf = buf;
    return 0;
}

static void free_buffer_pool(InputStream *ist)
{
    FrameBuffer *buf = ist->buffer_pool;
    while (buf) {
        ist->buffer_pool = buf->next;
        av_freep(&buf->base[0]);
        av_free(buf);
        buf = ist->buffer_pool;
    }
}

static void unref_buffer(InputStream *ist, FrameBuffer *buf)
{
    av_assert0(buf->refcount);
    buf->refcount--;
    if (!buf->refcount) {
        buf->next = ist->buffer_pool;
        ist->buffer_pool = buf;
    }
}

static int codec_get_buffer(AVCodecContext *s, AVFrame *frame)
{
    InputStream *ist = s->opaque;
    FrameBuffer *buf;
    int ret, i;

    if (!ist->buffer_pool && (ret = alloc_buffer(ist, s, &ist->buffer_pool)) < 0)
        return ret;

    buf              = ist->buffer_pool;
    ist->buffer_pool = buf->next;
    buf->next        = NULL;
    if (buf->w != s->width || buf->h != s->height || buf->pix_fmt != s->pix_fmt) {
        av_freep(&buf->base[0]);
        av_free(buf);
        if ((ret = alloc_buffer(ist, s, &buf)) < 0)
            return ret;
    }
    buf->refcount++;

    frame->opaque        = buf;
    frame->type          = FF_BUFFER_TYPE_USER;
    frame->extended_data = frame->data;
    frame->pkt_pts       = s->pkt ? s->pkt->pts : AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    frame->width         = buf->w;
    frame->height        = buf->h;
    frame->format        = buf->pix_fmt;
    frame->sample_aspect_ratio = s->sample_aspect_ratio;

    for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(buf->data); i++) {
        frame->base[i]     = buf->base[i];  // XXX h264.c uses base though it shouldn't
        frame->data[i]     = buf->data[i];
        frame->linesize[i] = buf->linesize[i];
    }

    return 0;
}

static void codec_release_buffer(AVCodecContext *s, AVFrame *frame)
{
    InputStream *ist = s->opaque;
    FrameBuffer *buf = frame->opaque;
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(frame->data); i++)
        frame->data[i] = NULL;

    unref_buffer(ist, buf);
}

static void filter_release_buffer(AVFilterBuffer *fb)
{
    FrameBuffer *buf = fb->priv;
    av_free(fb);
    unref_buffer(buf->ist, buf);
}

/**
 * Define a function for building a string containing a list of
 * allowed formats,
 */
#define DEF_CHOOSE_FORMAT(type, var, supported_list, none, get_name, separator) \
static char *choose_ ## var ## s(OutputStream *ost)                             \
{                                                                               \
    if (ost->st->codec->var != none) {                                          \
        get_name(ost->st->codec->var);                                          \
        return av_strdup(name);                                                 \
    } else if (ost->enc->supported_list) {                                      \
        const type *p;                                                          \
        AVIOContext *s = NULL;                                                  \
        uint8_t *ret;                                                           \
        int len;                                                                \
                                                                                \
        if (avio_open_dyn_buf(&s) < 0)                                          \
            exit_program(1);                                                    \
                                                                                \
        for (p = ost->enc->supported_list; *p != none; p++) {                   \
            get_name(*p);                                                       \
            avio_printf(s, "%s" separator, name);                               \
        }                                                                       \
        len = avio_close_dyn_buf(s, &ret);                                      \
        ret[len - 1] = 0;                                                       \
        return ret;                                                             \
    } else                                                                      \
        return NULL;                                                            \
}

#define GET_PIX_FMT_NAME(pix_fmt)\
    const char *name = av_get_pix_fmt_name(pix_fmt);

DEF_CHOOSE_FORMAT(enum PixelFormat, pix_fmt, pix_fmts, PIX_FMT_NONE,
                  GET_PIX_FMT_NAME, ":")

#define GET_SAMPLE_FMT_NAME(sample_fmt)\
    const char *name = av_get_sample_fmt_name(sample_fmt)

DEF_CHOOSE_FORMAT(enum AVSampleFormat, sample_fmt, sample_fmts,
                  AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE, GET_SAMPLE_FMT_NAME, ",")

#define GET_SAMPLE_RATE_NAME(rate)\
    char name[16];\
    snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%d", rate);

DEF_CHOOSE_FORMAT(int, sample_rate, supported_samplerates, 0,
                  GET_SAMPLE_RATE_NAME, ",")

#define GET_CH_LAYOUT_NAME(ch_layout)\
    char name[16];\
    snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "0x%"PRIx64, ch_layout);

DEF_CHOOSE_FORMAT(uint64_t, channel_layout, channel_layouts, 0,
                  GET_CH_LAYOUT_NAME, ",")

static int configure_audio_filters(FilterGraph *fg, AVFilterContext **in_filter,
                                   AVFilterContext **out_filter)
{
    InputStream  *ist = fg->inputs[0]->ist;
    OutputStream *ost = fg->outputs[0]->ost;
    AVCodecContext *codec  = ost->st->codec;
    AVCodecContext *icodec = ist->st->codec;
    char *sample_fmts, *sample_rates, *channel_layouts;
    char args[256];
    int ret;

    avfilter_graph_free(&fg->graph);
    if (!(fg->graph = avfilter_graph_alloc()))
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);

    snprintf(args, sizeof(args), "time_base=%d/%d:sample_rate=%d:sample_fmt=%s:"
             "channel_layout=0x%"PRIx64, ist->st->time_base.num,
             ist->st->time_base.den, icodec->sample_rate,
             av_get_sample_fmt_name(icodec->sample_fmt), icodec->channel_layout);
    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&fg->inputs[0]->filter,
                                       avfilter_get_by_name("abuffer"),
                                       "src", args, NULL, fg->graph);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;

    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&fg->outputs[0]->filter,
                                       avfilter_get_by_name("abuffersink"),
                                       "out", NULL, NULL, fg->graph);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;

    *in_filter  = fg->inputs[0]->filter;
    *out_filter = fg->outputs[0]->filter;

    if (codec->channels && !codec->channel_layout)
        codec->channel_layout = av_get_default_channel_layout(codec->channels);

    sample_fmts     = choose_sample_fmts(ost);
    sample_rates    = choose_sample_rates(ost);
    channel_layouts = choose_channel_layouts(ost);
    if (sample_fmts || sample_rates || channel_layouts) {
        AVFilterContext *format;
        char args[256];
        int len = 0;

        if (sample_fmts)
            len += snprintf(args + len, sizeof(args) - len, "sample_fmts=%s:",
                            sample_fmts);
        if (sample_rates)
            len += snprintf(args + len, sizeof(args) - len, "sample_rates=%s:",
                            sample_rates);
        if (channel_layouts)
            len += snprintf(args + len, sizeof(args) - len, "channel_layouts=%s:",
                            channel_layouts);
        args[len - 1] = 0;

        av_freep(&sample_fmts);
        av_freep(&sample_rates);
        av_freep(&channel_layouts);

        ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&format,
                                           avfilter_get_by_name("aformat"),
                                           "aformat", args, NULL, fg->graph);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;

        ret = avfilter_link(format, 0, fg->outputs[0]->filter, 0);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;

        *out_filter = format;
    }

    if (audio_sync_method > 0) {
        AVFilterContext *async;
        char args[256];
        int  len = 0;

        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "-async has been deprecated. Used the "
               "asyncts audio filter instead.\n");

        if (audio_sync_method > 1)
            len += snprintf(args + len, sizeof(args) - len, "compensate=1:"
                            "max_comp=%d:", audio_sync_method);
        snprintf(args + len, sizeof(args) - len, "min_delta=%f",
                 audio_drift_threshold);

        ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&async,
                                           avfilter_get_by_name("asyncts"),
                                           "async", args, NULL, fg->graph);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;

        ret = avfilter_link(*in_filter, 0, async, 0);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;

        *in_filter = async;
    }

    return 0;
}

static int configure_video_filters(FilterGraph *fg, AVFilterContext **in_filter,
                                   AVFilterContext **out_filter)
{
    InputStream  *ist = fg->inputs[0]->ist;
    OutputStream *ost = fg->outputs[0]->ost;
    AVFilterContext *filter;
    AVCodecContext *codec = ost->st->codec;
    char *pix_fmts;
    AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;
    char args[255];
    int ret;

    if (ist->st->sample_aspect_ratio.num) {
        sample_aspect_ratio = ist->st->sample_aspect_ratio;
    } else
        sample_aspect_ratio = ist->st->codec->sample_aspect_ratio;

    snprintf(args, 255, "%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d", ist->st->codec->width,
             ist->st->codec->height, ist->st->codec->pix_fmt,
             ist->st->time_base.num, ist->st->time_base.den,
             sample_aspect_ratio.num, sample_aspect_ratio.den);

    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&fg->inputs[0]->filter,
                                       avfilter_get_by_name("buffer"),
                                       "src", args, NULL, fg->graph);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&fg->outputs[0]->filter,
                                       avfilter_get_by_name("buffersink"),
                                       "out", NULL, NULL, fg->graph);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    *in_filter  = fg->inputs[0]->filter;
    *out_filter = fg->outputs[0]->filter;

    if (codec->width || codec->height) {
        snprintf(args, 255, "%d:%d:flags=0x%X",
                 codec->width,
                 codec->height,
                 (unsigned)ost->sws_flags);
        if ((ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&filter, avfilter_get_by_name("scale"),
                                                NULL, args, NULL, fg->graph)) < 0)
            return ret;
        if ((ret = avfilter_link(*in_filter, 0, filter, 0)) < 0)
            return ret;
        *in_filter = filter;
    }

    if (ost->frame_rate.num) {
        snprintf(args, sizeof(args), "fps=%d/%d", ost->frame_rate.num,
                 ost->frame_rate.den);
        ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&filter, avfilter_get_by_name("fps"),
                                           "fps", args, NULL, fg->graph);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;

        ret = avfilter_link(filter, 0, *out_filter, 0);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;
        *out_filter = filter;
    }

    if ((pix_fmts = choose_pix_fmts(ost))) {
        if ((ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&filter,
                                                avfilter_get_by_name("format"),
                                                "format", pix_fmts, NULL,
                                                fg->graph)) < 0)
            return ret;
        if ((ret = avfilter_link(filter, 0, *out_filter, 0)) < 0)
            return ret;

        *out_filter = filter;
        av_freep(&pix_fmts);
    }

    snprintf(args, sizeof(args), "flags=0x%X", (unsigned)ost->sws_flags);
    fg->graph->scale_sws_opts = av_strdup(args);

    return 0;
}

static int configure_simple_filtergraph(FilterGraph *fg)
{
    OutputStream *ost = fg->outputs[0]->ost;
    AVFilterContext *in_filter, *out_filter;
    int ret;

    avfilter_graph_free(&fg->graph);
    fg->graph = avfilter_graph_alloc();

    switch (ost->st->codec->codec_type) {
    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
        ret = configure_video_filters(fg, &in_filter, &out_filter);
        break;
    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
        ret = configure_audio_filters(fg, &in_filter, &out_filter);
        break;
    default: av_assert0(0);
    }
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;

    if (ost->avfilter) {
        AVFilterInOut *outputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();
        AVFilterInOut *inputs  = avfilter_inout_alloc();

        outputs->name    = av_strdup("in");
        outputs->filter_ctx = in_filter;
        outputs->pad_idx = 0;
        outputs->next    = NULL;

        inputs->name    = av_strdup("out");
        inputs->filter_ctx = out_filter;
        inputs->pad_idx = 0;
        inputs->next    = NULL;

        if ((ret = avfilter_graph_parse(fg->graph, ost->avfilter, inputs, outputs, NULL)) < 0)
            return ret;
    } else {
        if ((ret = avfilter_link(in_filter, 0, out_filter, 0)) < 0)
            return ret;
    }

    if ((ret = avfilter_graph_config(fg->graph, NULL)) < 0)
        return ret;

    ost->filter = fg->outputs[0];

    return 0;
}

static FilterGraph *init_simple_filtergraph(InputStream *ist, OutputStream *ost)
{
    FilterGraph *fg = av_mallocz(sizeof(*fg));

    if (!fg)
        exit_program(1);
    fg->index = nb_filtergraphs;

    fg->outputs = grow_array(fg->outputs, sizeof(*fg->outputs), &fg->nb_outputs,
                             fg->nb_outputs + 1);
    if (!(fg->outputs[0] = av_mallocz(sizeof(*fg->outputs[0]))))
        exit_program(1);
    fg->outputs[0]->ost   = ost;
    fg->outputs[0]->graph = fg;

    fg->inputs = grow_array(fg->inputs, sizeof(*fg->inputs), &fg->nb_inputs,
                            fg->nb_inputs + 1);
    if (!(fg->inputs[0] = av_mallocz(sizeof(*fg->inputs[0]))))
        exit_program(1);
    fg->inputs[0]->ist   = ist;
    fg->inputs[0]->graph = fg;

    ist->filters = grow_array(ist->filters, sizeof(*ist->filters),
                              &ist->nb_filters, ist->nb_filters + 1);
    ist->filters[ist->nb_filters - 1] = fg->inputs[0];

    filtergraphs = grow_array(filtergraphs, sizeof(*filtergraphs),
                              &nb_filtergraphs, nb_filtergraphs + 1);
    filtergraphs[nb_filtergraphs - 1] = fg;

    return fg;
}

static void init_input_filter(FilterGraph *fg, AVFilterInOut *in)
{
    InputStream *ist;
    enum AVMediaType type = in->filter_ctx->input_pads[in->pad_idx].type;
    int i;

    // TODO: support other filter types
    if (type != AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO && type != AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Only video and audio filters supported "
               "currently.\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }

    if (in->name) {
        AVFormatContext *s;
        AVStream       *st = NULL;
        char *p;
        int file_idx = strtol(in->name, &p, 0);

        if (file_idx < 0 || file_idx >= nb_input_files) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid file index %d in filtegraph description %s.\n",
                   file_idx, fg->graph_desc);
            exit_program(1);
        }
        s = input_files[file_idx]->ctx;

        for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
            if (s->streams[i]->codec->codec_type != type)
                continue;
            if (check_stream_specifier(s, s->streams[i], *p == ':' ? p + 1 : p) == 1) {
                st = s->streams[i];
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!st) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Stream specifier '%s' in filtergraph description %s "
                   "matches no streams.\n", p, fg->graph_desc);
            exit_program(1);
        }
        ist = input_streams[input_files[file_idx]->ist_index + st->index];
    } else {
        /* find the first unused stream of corresponding type */
        for (i = 0; i < nb_input_streams; i++) {
            ist = input_streams[i];
            if (ist->st->codec->codec_type == type && ist->discard)
                break;
        }
        if (i == nb_input_streams) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Cannot find a matching stream for "
                   "unlabeled input pad %d on filter %s", in->pad_idx,
                   in->filter_ctx->name);
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }
    ist->discard         = 0;
    ist->decoding_needed = 1;
    ist->st->discard = AVDISCARD_NONE;

    fg->inputs = grow_array(fg->inputs, sizeof(*fg->inputs),
                            &fg->nb_inputs, fg->nb_inputs + 1);
    if (!(fg->inputs[fg->nb_inputs - 1] = av_mallocz(sizeof(*fg->inputs[0]))))
        exit_program(1);
    fg->inputs[fg->nb_inputs - 1]->ist   = ist;
    fg->inputs[fg->nb_inputs - 1]->graph = fg;

    ist->filters = grow_array(ist->filters, sizeof(*ist->filters),
                              &ist->nb_filters, ist->nb_filters + 1);
    ist->filters[ist->nb_filters - 1] = fg->inputs[fg->nb_inputs - 1];
}

static int configure_output_video_filter(FilterGraph *fg, OutputFilter *ofilter, AVFilterInOut *out)
{
    char *pix_fmts;
    AVCodecContext *codec = ofilter->ost->st->codec;
    AVFilterContext *last_filter = out->filter_ctx;
    int pad_idx = out->pad_idx;
    int ret;


    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&ofilter->filter,
                                       avfilter_get_by_name("buffersink"),
                                       "out", NULL, pix_fmts, fg->graph);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;

    if (codec->width || codec->height) {
        char args[255];
        AVFilterContext *filter;

        snprintf(args, sizeof(args), "%d:%d:flags=0x%X",
                 codec->width,
                 codec->height,
                 (unsigned)ofilter->ost->sws_flags);
        if ((ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&filter, avfilter_get_by_name("scale"),
                                                NULL, args, NULL, fg->graph)) < 0)
            return ret;
        if ((ret = avfilter_link(last_filter, pad_idx, filter, 0)) < 0)
            return ret;

        last_filter = filter;
        pad_idx = 0;