decode: be more explicit about storing the last packet properties

The current code stores a pointer to the packet passed to the decoder,
which is then used during get_buffer() for timestamps and side data
passthrough. However, since this is a pointer to user data which we do
not own, storing it is potentially dangerous. It is also ill defined for
the new decoding API with split input/output.

Fix this problem by making an explicit internally owned copy of the
packet properties.