mpegtsenc.c

/*
 * MPEG2 transport stream (aka DVB) muxer
 * Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#include "libavutil/bswap.h"
#include "libavutil/crc.h"
#include "libavcodec/mpegvideo.h"
#include "avformat.h"
#include "mpegts.h"

/* write DVB SI sections */

/*********************************************/
/* mpegts section writer */

typedef struct MpegTSSection {
    int pid;
    int cc;
    void (*write_packet)(struct MpegTSSection *s, const uint8_t *packet);
    void *opaque;
} MpegTSSection;

typedef struct MpegTSService {
    MpegTSSection pmt; /* MPEG2 pmt table context */
    int sid;           /* service ID */
    char *name;
    char *provider_name;
    int pcr_pid;
    int pcr_packet_count;
    int pcr_packet_period;
} MpegTSService;

typedef struct MpegTSWrite {
    MpegTSSection pat; /* MPEG2 pat table */
    MpegTSSection sdt; /* MPEG2 sdt table context */
    MpegTSService **services;
    int sdt_packet_count;
    int sdt_packet_period;
    int pat_packet_count;
    int pat_packet_period;
    int nb_services;
    int onid;
    int tsid;
    uint64_t cur_pcr;
    int mux_rate;
} MpegTSWrite;

/* NOTE: 4 bytes must be left at the end for the crc32 */
static void mpegts_write_section(MpegTSSection *s, uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    MpegTSWrite *ts = ((AVFormatContext*)s->opaque)->priv_data;
    unsigned int crc;
    unsigned char packet[TS_PACKET_SIZE];
    const unsigned char *buf_ptr;
    unsigned char *q;
    int first, b, len1, left;

    crc = bswap_32(av_crc(av_crc_get_table(AV_CRC_32_IEEE), -1, buf, len - 4));
    buf[len - 4] = (crc >> 24) & 0xff;
    buf[len - 3] = (crc >> 16) & 0xff;
    buf[len - 2] = (crc >> 8) & 0xff;
    buf[len - 1] = (crc) & 0xff;

    /* send each packet */
    buf_ptr = buf;
    while (len > 0) {
        first = (buf == buf_ptr);
        q = packet;
        *q++ = 0x47;
        b = (s->pid >> 8);
        if (first)
            b |= 0x40;
        *q++ = b;
        *q++ = s->pid;
        *q++ = 0x10 | s->cc;
        s->cc = (s->cc + 1) & 0xf;
        if (first)
            *q++ = 0; /* 0 offset */
        len1 = TS_PACKET_SIZE - (q - packet);
        if (len1 > len)
            len1 = len;
        memcpy(q, buf_ptr, len1);
        q += len1;
        /* add known padding data */
        left = TS_PACKET_SIZE - (q - packet);
        if (left > 0)
            memset(q, 0xff, left);

        s->write_packet(s, packet);

        buf_ptr += len1;
        len -= len1;

        ts->cur_pcr += TS_PACKET_SIZE*8*90000LL/ts->mux_rate;
    }
}

static inline void put16(uint8_t **q_ptr, int val)
{
    uint8_t *q;
    q = *q_ptr;
    *q++ = val >> 8;
    *q++ = val;
    *q_ptr = q;
}

static int mpegts_write_section1(MpegTSSection *s, int tid, int id,
                          int version, int sec_num, int last_sec_num,
                          uint8_t *buf, int len)
{
    uint8_t section[1024], *q;
    unsigned int tot_len;

    tot_len = 3 + 5 + len + 4;
    /* check if not too big */
    if (tot_len > 1024)
        return -1;

    q = section;
    *q++ = tid;
    put16(&q, 0xb000 | (len + 5 + 4)); /* 5 byte header + 4 byte CRC */
    put16(&q, id);
    *q++ = 0xc1 | (version << 1); /* current_next_indicator = 1 */
    *q++ = sec_num;
    *q++ = last_sec_num;
    memcpy(q, buf, len);

    mpegts_write_section(s, section, tot_len);
    return 0;
}

/*********************************************/
/* mpegts writer */

#define DEFAULT_PMT_START_PID   0x1000
#define DEFAULT_START_PID       0x0100
#define DEFAULT_PROVIDER_NAME   "FFmpeg"
#define DEFAULT_SERVICE_NAME    "Service01"

/* default network id, transport stream and service identifiers */
#define DEFAULT_ONID            0x0001
#define DEFAULT_TSID            0x0001
#define DEFAULT_SID             0x0001

/* a PES packet header is generated every DEFAULT_PES_HEADER_FREQ packets */
#define DEFAULT_PES_HEADER_FREQ 16
#define DEFAULT_PES_PAYLOAD_SIZE ((DEFAULT_PES_HEADER_FREQ - 1) * 184 + 170)

/* we retransmit the SI info at this rate */
#define SDT_RETRANS_TIME 500
#define PAT_RETRANS_TIME 100
#define PCR_RETRANS_TIME 20

typedef struct MpegTSWriteStream {
    struct MpegTSService *service;
    int pid; /* stream associated pid */
    int cc;
    int payload_index;
    int first_pts_check; ///< first pts check needed
    int64_t payload_pts;
    int64_t payload_dts;
    uint8_t payload[DEFAULT_PES_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
} MpegTSWriteStream;

static void mpegts_write_pat(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    MpegTSWrite *ts = s->priv_data;
    MpegTSService *service;
    uint8_t data[1012], *q;
    int i;

    q = data;
    for(i = 0; i < ts->nb_services; i++) {
        service = ts->services[i];
        put16(&q, service->sid);
        put16(&q, 0xe000 | service->pmt.pid);
    }
    mpegts_write_section1(&ts->pat, PAT_TID, ts->tsid, 0, 0, 0,
                          data, q - data);
}

static void mpegts_write_pmt(AVFormatContext *s, MpegTSService *service)
{
    //    MpegTSWrite *ts = s->priv_data;
    uint8_t data[1012], *q, *desc_length_ptr, *program_info_length_ptr;
    int val, stream_type, i;

    q = data;
    put16(&q, 0xe000 | service->pcr_pid);

    program_info_length_ptr = q;
    q += 2; /* patched after */

    /* put program info here */

    val = 0xf000 | (q - program_info_length_ptr - 2);
    program_info_length_ptr[0] = val >> 8;
    program_info_length_ptr[1] = val;

    for(i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
        AVStream *st = s->streams[i];
        MpegTSWriteStream *ts_st = st->priv_data;
        AVMetadataTag *lang = av_metadata_get(st->metadata, "language", NULL,0);
        switch(st->codec->codec_id) {
        case CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO:
        case CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO:
            stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_VIDEO_MPEG2;
            break;
        case CODEC_ID_MPEG4:
            stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_VIDEO_MPEG4;
            break;
        case CODEC_ID_H264:
            stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_VIDEO_H264;
            break;
        case CODEC_ID_DIRAC:
            stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_VIDEO_DIRAC;
            break;
        case CODEC_ID_MP2:
        case CODEC_ID_MP3:
            stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_AUDIO_MPEG1;
            break;
        case CODEC_ID_AAC:
            stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_AUDIO_AAC;
            break;
        case CODEC_ID_AC3:
            stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_AUDIO_AC3;
            break;
        default:
            stream_type = STREAM_TYPE_PRIVATE_DATA;
            break;
        }
        *q++ = stream_type;
        put16(&q, 0xe000 | ts_st->pid);
        desc_length_ptr = q;
        q += 2; /* patched after */

        /* write optional descriptors here */
        switch(st->codec->codec_type) {
        case CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO:
            if (lang && strlen(lang->value) == 3) {
                *q++ = 0x0a; /* ISO 639 language descriptor */
                *q++ = 4;
                *q++ = lang->value[0];
                *q++ = lang->value[1];
                *q++ = lang->value[2];
                *q++ = 0; /* undefined type */
            }
            break;
        case CODEC_TYPE_SUBTITLE:
            {
                const char *language;
                language = lang && strlen(lang->value)==3 ? lang->value : "eng";
                *q++ = 0x59;
                *q++ = 8;
                *q++ = language[0];
                *q++ = language[1];
                *q++ = language[2];
                *q++ = 0x10; /* normal subtitles (0x20 = if hearing pb) */
                put16(&q, 1); /* page id */
                put16(&q, 1); /* ancillary page id */
            }
            break;
        case CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO:
            if (stream_type == STREAM_TYPE_VIDEO_DIRAC) {
                *q++ = 0x05; /*MPEG-2 registration descriptor*/
                *q++ = 4;
                *q++ = 'd';
                *q++ = 'r';
                *q++ = 'a';
                *q++ = 'c';
            }
            break;
        }

        val = 0xf000 | (q - desc_length_ptr - 2);
        desc_length_ptr[0] = val >> 8;
        desc_length_ptr[1] = val;
    }
    mpegts_write_section1(&service->pmt, PMT_TID, service->sid, 0, 0, 0,
                          data, q - data);
}

/* NOTE: str == NULL is accepted for an empty string */
static void putstr8(uint8_t **q_ptr, const char *str)
{
    uint8_t *q;
    int len;

    q = *q_ptr;
    if (!str)
        len = 0;
    else
        len = strlen(str);
    *q++ = len;
    memcpy(q, str, len);
    q += len;
    *q_ptr = q;
}

static void mpegts_write_sdt(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    MpegTSWrite *ts = s->priv_data;
    MpegTSService *service;
    uint8_t data[1012], *q, *desc_list_len_ptr, *desc_len_ptr;
    int i, running_status, free_ca_mode, val;

    q = data;
    put16(&q, ts->onid);
    *q++ = 0xff;
    for(i = 0; i < ts->nb_services; i++) {
        service = ts->services[i];
        put16(&q, service->sid);
        *q++ = 0xfc | 0x00; /* currently no EIT info */
        desc_list_len_ptr = q;
        q += 2;
        running_status = 4; /* running */
        free_ca_mode = 0;

        /* write only one descriptor for the service name and provider */
        *q++ = 0x48;
        desc_len_ptr = q;
        q++;
        *q++ = 0x01; /* digital television service */
        putstr8(&q, service->provider_name);
        putstr8(&q, service->name);
        desc_len_ptr[0] = q - desc_len_ptr - 1;

        /* fill descriptor length */
        val = (running_status << 13) | (free_ca_mode << 12) |
            (q - desc_list_len_ptr - 2);
        desc_list_len_ptr[0] = val >> 8;
        desc_list_len_ptr[1] = val;
    }
    mpegts_write_section1(&ts->sdt, SDT_TID, ts->tsid, 0, 0, 0,
                          data, q - data);
}

static MpegTSService *mpegts_add_service(MpegTSWrite *ts,
                                         int sid,
                                         const char *provider_name,
                                         const char *name)
{
    MpegTSService *service;

    service = av_mallocz(sizeof(MpegTSService));
    if (!service)
        return NULL;
    service->pmt.pid = DEFAULT_PMT_START_PID + ts->nb_services - 1;
    service->sid = sid;
    service->provider_name = av_strdup(provider_name);
    service->name = av_strdup(name);
    service->pcr_pid = 0x1fff;
    dynarray_add(&ts->services, &ts->nb_services, service);
    return service;
}

static void section_write_packet(MpegTSSection *s, const uint8_t *packet)
{
    AVFormatContext *ctx = s->opaque;
    put_buffer(ctx->pb, packet, TS_PACKET_SIZE);
}

static int mpegts_write_header(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    MpegTSWrite *ts = s->priv_data;
    MpegTSWriteStream *ts_st;
    MpegTSService *service;
    AVStream *st;
    AVMetadataTag *title;
    int i, total_bit_rate;
    const char *service_name;
    uint64_t sdt_size, pat_pmt_size, pos;

    ts->tsid = DEFAULT_TSID;
    ts->onid = DEFAULT_ONID;
    /* allocate a single DVB service */
    title = av_metadata_get(s->metadata, "title", NULL, 0);
    service_name = title ? title->value : DEFAULT_SERVICE_NAME;
    service = mpegts_add_service(ts, DEFAULT_SID,
                                 DEFAULT_PROVIDER_NAME, service_name);
    service->pmt.write_packet = section_write_packet;
    service->pmt.opaque = s;

    ts->pat.pid = PAT_PID;
    ts->pat.cc = 0;
    ts->pat.write_packet = section_write_packet;
    ts->pat.opaque = s;

    ts->sdt.pid = SDT_PID;
    ts->sdt.cc = 0;
    ts->sdt.write_packet = section_write_packet;
    ts->sdt.opaque = s;

    /* assign pids to each stream */
    total_bit_rate = 0;
    for(i = 0;i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
        st = s->streams[i];
        ts_st = av_mallocz(sizeof(MpegTSWriteStream));
        if (!ts_st)
            goto fail;
        st->priv_data = ts_st;
        ts_st->service = service;
        ts_st->pid = DEFAULT_START_PID + i;
        ts_st->payload_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
        ts_st->payload_dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
        ts_st->first_pts_check = 1;
        /* update PCR pid by using the first video stream */
        if (st->codec->codec_type == CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO &&
            service->pcr_pid == 0x1fff)
            service->pcr_pid = ts_st->pid;
        total_bit_rate += st->codec->bit_rate;
        /* PES header size */
        if (st->codec->codec_type == CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO ||
            st->codec->codec_type == CODEC_TYPE_SUBTITLE) {
            /* 1 PES per frame
             * 19 bytes of PES header
             * on average a half TS-packet (184/2) of padding-overhead every PES */
            total_bit_rate += (19 + 184/2)*8 / av_q2d(st->codec->time_base);
        } else {
            /* 1 PES per DEFAULT_PES_PAYLOAD_SIZE bytes of audio data
             * 14 bytes of PES header
             * on average a half TS-packet (184/2) of padding-overhead every PES */
            total_bit_rate += (14 + 184/2) *
                st->codec->bit_rate / DEFAULT_PES_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
        }
    }

    /* if no video stream, use the first stream as PCR */
    if (service->pcr_pid == 0x1fff && s->nb_streams > 0) {
        ts_st = s->streams[0]->priv_data;
        service->pcr_pid = ts_st->pid;
    }

    ts->mux_rate = 1; // avoid div by 0

    /* write info at the start of the file, so that it will be fast to
       find them */
    pos = url_ftell(s->pb);
    mpegts_write_sdt(s);
    sdt_size = url_ftell(s->pb) - pos;
    pos = url_ftell(s->pb);
    mpegts_write_pat(s);
    for(i = 0; i < ts->nb_services; i++) {
        mpegts_write_pmt(s, ts->services[i]);
    }
    pat_pmt_size = url_ftell(s->pb) - pos;

    if (total_bit_rate <= 8 * 1024)
        total_bit_rate = 8 * 1024;

    total_bit_rate +=
        total_bit_rate * 4 / (TS_PACKET_SIZE-4)        + /* TS header size */
        1000 * 8 * sdt_size     / PAT_RETRANS_TIME     + /* SDT size */
        1000 * 8 * pat_pmt_size / SDT_RETRANS_TIME     + /* PAT+PMT size */
        1000 * 8 * 8            / PCR_RETRANS_TIME;      /* PCR size */

    if (s->mux_rate)
        ts->mux_rate = s->mux_rate;
    else
        ts->mux_rate = total_bit_rate;

    service->pcr_packet_period = (ts->mux_rate * PCR_RETRANS_TIME) /
        (TS_PACKET_SIZE * 8 * 1000);
    ts->sdt_packet_period      = (ts->mux_rate * SDT_RETRANS_TIME) /
        (TS_PACKET_SIZE * 8 * 1000);
    ts->pat_packet_period      = (ts->mux_rate * PAT_RETRANS_TIME) /
        (TS_PACKET_SIZE * 8 * 1000);

    // output a PCR as soon as possible
    service->pcr_packet_count = service->pcr_packet_period;

    av_log(s, AV_LOG_DEBUG,
           "calculated bitrate %d bps, muxrate %d bps, "
           "sdt every %d, pat/pmt every %d pkts\n",
           total_bit_rate, ts->mux_rate, ts->sdt_packet_period,
           ts->pat_packet_period);

    // adjust pcr
    ts->cur_pcr /= ts->mux_rate;

    put_flush_packet(s->pb);

    return 0;

 fail:
    for(i = 0;i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
        st = s->streams[i];
        av_free(st->priv_data);
    }
    return -1;
}

/* send SDT, PAT and PMT tables regulary */
static void retransmit_si_info(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    MpegTSWrite *ts = s->priv_data;
    int i;

    if (++ts->sdt_packet_count == ts->sdt_packet_period) {
        ts->sdt_packet_count = 0;
        mpegts_write_sdt(s);
    }
    if (++ts->pat_packet_count == ts->pat_packet_period) {
        ts->pat_packet_count = 0;
        mpegts_write_pat(s);
        for(i = 0; i < ts->nb_services; i++) {
            mpegts_write_pmt(s, ts->services[i]);
        }
    }
}

/* Write a single null transport stream packet */
static void mpegts_insert_null_packet(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    MpegTSWrite *ts = s->priv_data;
    uint8_t *q;
    uint8_t buf[TS_PACKET_SIZE];

    q = buf;
    *q++ = 0x47;
    *q++ = 0x00 | 0x1f;
    *q++ = 0xff;
    *q++ = 0x10;
    memset(q, 0x0FF, TS_PACKET_SIZE - (q - buf));
    put_buffer(s->pb, buf, TS_PACKET_SIZE);
    ts->cur_pcr += TS_PACKET_SIZE*8*90000LL/ts->mux_rate;
}

/* Write a single transport stream packet with a PCR and no payload */
static void mpegts_insert_pcr_only(AVFormatContext *s, AVStream *st)
{
    MpegTSWrite *ts = s->priv_data;
    MpegTSWriteStream *ts_st = st->priv_data;
    uint8_t *q;
    uint64_t pcr = ts->cur_pcr;
    uint8_t buf[TS_PACKET_SIZE];

    q = buf;
    *q++ = 0x47;
    *q++ = ts_st->pid >> 8;
    *q++ = ts_st->pid;
    *q++ = 0x20 | ts_st->cc;   /* Adaptation only */
    /* Continuity Count field does not increment (see 13818-1 section 2.4.3.3) */
    *q++ = TS_PACKET_SIZE - 5; /* Adaptation Field Length */
    *q++ = 0x10;               /* Adaptation flags: PCR present */

    /* PCR coded into 6 bytes */
    *q++ = pcr >> 25;
    *q++ = pcr >> 17;
    *q++ = pcr >> 9;
    *q++ = pcr >> 1;
    *q++ = (pcr & 1) << 7;
    *q++ = 0;

    /* stuffing bytes */
    memset(q, 0xFF, TS_PACKET_SIZE - (q - buf));
    put_buffer(s->pb, buf, TS_PACKET_SIZE);
    ts->cur_pcr += TS_PACKET_SIZE*8*90000LL/ts->mux_rate;
}

static void write_pts(uint8_t *q, int fourbits, int64_t pts)
{
    int val;

    val = fourbits << 4 | (((pts >> 30) & 0x07) << 1) | 1;
    *q++ = val;
    val = (((pts >> 15) & 0x7fff) << 1) | 1;
    *q++ = val >> 8;
    *q++ = val;
    val = (((pts) & 0x7fff) << 1) | 1;
    *q++ = val >> 8;
    *q++ = val;
}

/* Add a pes header to the front of payload, and segment into an integer number of
 * ts packets. The final ts packet is padded using an over-sized adaptation header
 * to exactly fill the last ts packet.
 * NOTE: 'payload' contains a complete PES payload.
 */
static void mpegts_write_pes(AVFormatContext *s, AVStream *st,
                             const uint8_t *payload, int payload_size,
                             int64_t pts, int64_t dts)
{
    MpegTSWriteStream *ts_st = st->priv_data;
    MpegTSWrite *ts = s->priv_data;
    uint8_t buf[TS_PACKET_SIZE];
    uint8_t *q;
    int val, is_start, len, header_len, write_pcr, private_code, flags;
    int afc_len, stuffing_len;
    int64_t pcr = -1; /* avoid warning */
    int64_t delay = av_rescale(s->max_delay, 90000, AV_TIME_BASE);

    is_start = 1;
    while (payload_size > 0) {
        retransmit_si_info(s);

        write_pcr = 0;
        if (ts_st->pid == ts_st->service->pcr_pid) {
            ts_st->service->pcr_packet_count++;
            if (ts_st->service->pcr_packet_count >=
                ts_st->service->pcr_packet_period) {
                ts_st->service->pcr_packet_count = 0;
                write_pcr = 1;
            }
        }

        if (dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE && (dts - (int64_t)ts->cur_pcr) > delay) {
            /* pcr insert gets priority over null packet insert */
            if (write_pcr)
                mpegts_insert_pcr_only(s, st);
            else
                mpegts_insert_null_packet(s);
            continue; /* recalculate write_pcr and possibly retransmit si_info */
        }

        /* prepare packet header */
        q = buf;
        *q++ = 0x47;
        val = (ts_st->pid >> 8);
        if (is_start)
            val |= 0x40;
        *q++ = val;
        *q++ = ts_st->pid;
        *q++ = 0x10 | ts_st->cc | (write_pcr ? 0x20 : 0);
        ts_st->cc = (ts_st->cc + 1) & 0xf;
        if (write_pcr) {
            // add 11, pcr references the last byte of program clock reference base
            pcr = ts->cur_pcr + (4+7)*8*90000LL / ts->mux_rate;
            if (dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE && dts < pcr)
                av_log(s, AV_LOG_WARNING, "dts < pcr, TS is invalid\n");
            *q++ = 7; /* AFC length */
            *q++ = 0x10; /* flags: PCR present */
            *q++ = pcr >> 25;
            *q++ = pcr >> 17;
            *q++ = pcr >> 9;
            *q++ = pcr >> 1;
            *q++ = (pcr & 1) << 7;
            *q++ = 0;
        }
        if (is_start) {
            int pes_extension = 0;
            /* write PES header */
            *q++ = 0x00;
            *q++ = 0x00;
            *q++ = 0x01;
            private_code = 0;
            if (st->codec->codec_type == CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO) {
                if (st->codec->codec_id == CODEC_ID_DIRAC) {
                    *q++ = 0xfd;
                } else
                    *q++ = 0xe0;
            } else if (st->codec->codec_type == CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO &&
                       (st->codec->codec_id == CODEC_ID_MP2 ||
                        st->codec->codec_id == CODEC_ID_MP3)) {
                *q++ = 0xc0;
            } else {
                *q++ = 0xbd;
                if (st->codec->codec_type == CODEC_TYPE_SUBTITLE) {
                    private_code = 0x20;
                }
            }
            header_len = 0;
            flags = 0;
            if (pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
                header_len += 5;
                flags |= 0x80;
            }
            if (dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE && pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE && dts != pts) {
                header_len += 5;
                flags |= 0x40;
            }
            if (st->codec->codec_type == CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO &&
                st->codec->codec_id == CODEC_ID_DIRAC) {
                /* set PES_extension_flag */
                pes_extension = 1;
                flags |= 0x01;

                /*
                * One byte for PES2 extension flag +
                * one byte for extension length +
                * one byte for extension id
                */
                header_len += 3;
            }
            len = payload_size + header_len + 3;
            if (private_code != 0)
                len++;
            if (len > 0xffff)
                len = 0;
            *q++ = len >> 8;
            *q++ = len;
            val = 0x80;
            /* data alignment indicator is required for subtitle data */
            if (st->codec->codec_type == CODEC_TYPE_SUBTITLE)
                val |= 0x04;
            *q++ = val;
            *q++ = flags;
            *q++ = header_len;
            if (pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
                write_pts(q, flags >> 6, pts);
                q += 5;
            }
            if (dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE && pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE && dts != pts) {
                write_pts(q, 1, dts);
                q += 5;
            }
            if (pes_extension && st->codec->codec_id == CODEC_ID_DIRAC) {
                flags = 0x01;  /* set PES_extension_flag_2 */
                *q++ = flags;
                *q++ = 0x80 | 0x01;  /* marker bit + extension length */
                /*
                * Set the stream id extension flag bit to 0 and
                * write the extended stream id
                */
                *q++ = 0x00 | 0x60;
            }
            if (private_code != 0)
                *q++ = private_code;
            is_start = 0;
        }
        /* header size */
        header_len = q - buf;
        /* data len */
        len = TS_PACKET_SIZE - header_len;
        if (len > payload_size)
            len = payload_size;
        stuffing_len = TS_PACKET_SIZE - header_len - len;
        if (stuffing_len > 0) {
            /* add stuffing with AFC */
            if (buf[3] & 0x20) {
                /* stuffing already present: increase its size */
                afc_len = buf[4] + 1;
                memmove(buf + 4 + afc_len + stuffing_len,
                        buf + 4 + afc_len,
                        header_len - (4 + afc_len));
                buf[4] += stuffing_len;
                memset(buf + 4 + afc_len, 0xff, stuffing_len);
            } else {
                /* add stuffing */
                memmove(buf + 4 + stuffing_len, buf + 4, header_len - 4);
                buf[3] |= 0x20;
                buf[4] = stuffing_len - 1;
                if (stuffing_len >= 2) {
                    buf[5] = 0x00;
                    memset(buf + 6, 0xff, stuffing_len - 2);
                }
            }
        }
        memcpy(buf + TS_PACKET_SIZE - len, payload, len);
        payload += len;
        payload_size -= len;
        put_buffer(s->pb, buf, TS_PACKET_SIZE);
        ts->cur_pcr += TS_PACKET_SIZE*8*90000LL/ts->mux_rate;
    }
    put_flush_packet(s->pb);
}

static int mpegts_write_packet(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    AVStream *st = s->streams[pkt->stream_index];
    int len, size = pkt->size;
    uint8_t *buf= pkt->data;
    uint8_t *data= NULL;
    MpegTSWriteStream *ts_st = st->priv_data;
    const uint64_t delay = av_rescale(s->max_delay, 90000, AV_TIME_BASE);
    int64_t dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE, pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;

    if (pkt->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
        pts = pkt->pts + delay;
    if (pkt->dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
        dts = pkt->dts + delay;

    if (ts_st->first_pts_check && pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "first pts value must set\n");
        return -1;
    }
    ts_st->first_pts_check = 0;

    if (st->codec->codec_id == CODEC_ID_H264) {
        if (pkt->size < 5 || AV_RB32(pkt->data) != 0x0000001) {
            av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "h264 bitstream malformated\n");
            return -1;
        }
        if (pkt->data[4] != 0x09) { // AUD NAL
            data = av_malloc(pkt->size+6);
            if (!data)
                return -1;
            memcpy(data+6, pkt->data, pkt->size);
            AV_WB32(data, 0x00000001);
            data[4] = 0x09;
            data[5] = 0xe0; // any slice type
            buf  = data;
            size = pkt->size+6;
        }
    }

    if (st->codec->codec_type != CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO) {
        // for video and subtitle, write a single pes packet
        mpegts_write_pes(s, st, buf, size, pts, dts);
        av_free(data);
        return 0;
    }

    if (ts_st->payload_pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
        ts_st->payload_dts = dts;
        ts_st->payload_pts = pts;
    }

    // audio
    while (size > 0) {
        len = DEFAULT_PES_PAYLOAD_SIZE - ts_st->payload_index;
        if (len > size)
            len = size;
        memcpy(ts_st->payload + ts_st->payload_index, buf, len);
        buf += len;
        size -= len;
        ts_st->payload_index += len;
        if (ts_st->payload_index >= DEFAULT_PES_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
            mpegts_write_pes(s, st, ts_st->payload, ts_st->payload_index,
                             ts_st->payload_pts, ts_st->payload_dts);
            ts_st->payload_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
            ts_st->payload_dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
            ts_st->payload_index = 0;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

static int mpegts_write_end(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    MpegTSWrite *ts = s->priv_data;
    MpegTSWriteStream *ts_st;
    MpegTSService *service;
    AVStream *st;
    int i;

    /* flush current packets */
    for(i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
        st = s->streams[i];
        ts_st = st->priv_data;
        if (ts_st->payload_index > 0) {
            mpegts_write_pes(s, st, ts_st->payload, ts_st->payload_index,
                             ts_st->payload_pts, ts_st->payload_dts);
        }
    }
    put_flush_packet(s->pb);

    for(i = 0; i < ts->nb_services; i++) {
        service = ts->services[i];
        av_freep(&service->provider_name);
        av_freep(&service->name);
        av_free(service);
    }
    av_free(ts->services);

    return 0;
}

AVOutputFormat mpegts_muxer = {
    "mpegts",
    NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("MPEG-2 transport stream format"),
    "video/x-mpegts",
    "ts,m2t",
    sizeof(MpegTSWrite),
    CODEC_ID_MP2,
    CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO,
    mpegts_write_header,
    mpegts_write_packet,
    mpegts_write_end,
};