utils.c

/*
 * Various utilities for ffmpeg system
 * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */
#include "avformat.h"
#include "tick.h"
#ifndef CONFIG_WIN32
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#else
#define strcasecmp _stricmp
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/timeb.h>
#endif
#include <time.h>

AVInputFormat *first_iformat;
AVOutputFormat *first_oformat;

void av_register_input_format(AVInputFormat *format)
{
    AVInputFormat **p;
    p = &first_iformat;
    while (*p != NULL) p = &(*p)->next;
    *p = format;
    format->next = NULL;
}

void av_register_output_format(AVOutputFormat *format)
{
    AVOutputFormat **p;
    p = &first_oformat;
    while (*p != NULL) p = &(*p)->next;
    *p = format;
    format->next = NULL;
}

int match_ext(const char *filename, const char *extensions)
{
    const char *ext, *p;
    char ext1[32], *q;

    ext = strrchr(filename, '.');
    if (ext) {
        ext++;
        p = extensions;
        for(;;) {
            q = ext1;
            while (*p != '\0' && *p != ',') 
                *q++ = *p++;
            *q = '\0';
            if (!strcasecmp(ext1, ext)) 
                return 1;
            if (*p == '\0') 
                break;
            p++;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

AVOutputFormat *guess_format(const char *short_name, const char *filename, 
                             const char *mime_type)
{
    AVOutputFormat *fmt, *fmt_found;
    int score_max, score;

    /* find the proper file type */
    fmt_found = NULL;
    score_max = 0;
    fmt = first_oformat;
    while (fmt != NULL) {
        score = 0;
        if (fmt->name && short_name && !strcmp(fmt->name, short_name))
            score += 100;
        if (fmt->mime_type && mime_type && !strcmp(fmt->mime_type, mime_type))
            score += 10;
        if (filename && fmt->extensions && 
            match_ext(filename, fmt->extensions)) {
            score += 5;
        }
        if (score > score_max) {
            score_max = score;
            fmt_found = fmt;
        }
        fmt = fmt->next;
    }
    return fmt_found;
}   

AVInputFormat *av_find_input_format(const char *short_name)
{
    AVInputFormat *fmt;
    for(fmt = first_iformat; fmt != NULL; fmt = fmt->next) {
        if (!strcmp(fmt->name, short_name))
            return fmt;
    }
    return NULL;
}

/* memory handling */

/**
 * Allocate the payload of a packet and intialized its fields to default values.
 *
 * @param pkt packet
 * @param size wanted payload size
 * @return 0 if OK. AVERROR_xxx otherwise.
 */
int av_new_packet(AVPacket *pkt, int size)
{
    pkt->data = av_malloc(size);
    if (!pkt->data)
        return AVERROR_NOMEM;
    pkt->size = size;
    /* sane state */
    pkt->pts = 0;
    pkt->stream_index = 0;
    pkt->flags = 0;
    return 0;
}

/**
 * Free a packet
 *
 * @param pkt packet to free
 */
void av_free_packet(AVPacket *pkt)
{
    av_freep(&pkt->data);
    /* fail safe */
    pkt->size = 0;
}

/* fifo handling */

int fifo_init(FifoBuffer *f, int size)
{
    f->buffer = av_malloc(size);
    if (!f->buffer)
        return -1;
    f->end = f->buffer + size;
    f->wptr = f->rptr = f->buffer;
    return 0;
}

void fifo_free(FifoBuffer *f)
{
    av_free(f->buffer);
}

int fifo_size(FifoBuffer *f, UINT8 *rptr)
{
    int size;

    if (f->wptr >= rptr) {
        size = f->wptr - rptr;
    } else {
        size = (f->end - rptr) + (f->wptr - f->buffer);
    }
    return size;
}

/* get data from the fifo (return -1 if not enough data) */
int fifo_read(FifoBuffer *f, UINT8 *buf, int buf_size, UINT8 **rptr_ptr)
{
    UINT8 *rptr = *rptr_ptr;
    int size, len;

    if (f->wptr >= rptr) {
        size = f->wptr - rptr;
    } else {
        size = (f->end - rptr) + (f->wptr - f->buffer);
    }
    
    if (size < buf_size)
        return -1;
    while (buf_size > 0) {
        len = f->end - rptr;
        if (len > buf_size)
            len = buf_size;
        memcpy(buf, rptr, len);
        buf += len;
        rptr += len;
        if (rptr >= f->end)
            rptr = f->buffer;
        buf_size -= len;
    }
    *rptr_ptr = rptr;
    return 0;
}

void fifo_write(FifoBuffer *f, UINT8 *buf, int size, UINT8 **wptr_ptr)
{
    int len;
    UINT8 *wptr;
    wptr = *wptr_ptr;
    while (size > 0) {
        len = f->end - wptr;
        if (len > size)
            len = size;
        memcpy(wptr, buf, len);
        wptr += len;
        if (wptr >= f->end)
            wptr = f->buffer;
        buf += len;
        size -= len;
    }
    *wptr_ptr = wptr;
}

int filename_number_test(const char *filename)
{
    char buf[1024];
    return get_frame_filename(buf, sizeof(buf), filename, 1);
}

/* guess file format */
AVInputFormat *av_probe_input_format(AVProbeData *pd, int is_opened)
{
    AVInputFormat *fmt1, *fmt;
    int score, score_max;

    fmt = NULL;
    score_max = 0;
    for(fmt1 = first_iformat; fmt1 != NULL; fmt1 = fmt1->next) {
        if (!is_opened && !(fmt1->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
            continue;
        score = 0;
        if (fmt1->read_probe) {
            score = fmt1->read_probe(pd);
        } else if (fmt1->extensions) {
            if (match_ext(pd->filename, fmt1->extensions)) {
                score = 50;
            }
        } 
        if (score > score_max) {
            score_max = score;
            fmt = fmt1;
        }
    }
    return fmt;
}

/************************************************************/
/* input media file */

#define PROBE_BUF_SIZE 2048

/**
 * Open a media file as input. The codec are not opened. Only the file
 * header (if present) is read.
 *
 * @param ic_ptr the opened media file handle is put here
 * @param filename filename to open.
 * @param fmt if non NULL, force the file format to use
 * @param buf_size optional buffer size (zero if default is OK)
 * @param ap additionnal parameters needed when opening the file (NULL if default)
 * @return 0 if OK. AVERROR_xxx otherwise.
 */
int av_open_input_file(AVFormatContext **ic_ptr, const char *filename, 
                       AVInputFormat *fmt,
                       int buf_size,
                       AVFormatParameters *ap)
{
    AVFormatContext *ic = NULL;
    int err;
    char buf[PROBE_BUF_SIZE];
    AVProbeData probe_data, *pd = &probe_data;

    ic = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVFormatContext));
    if (!ic) {
        err = AVERROR_NOMEM;
        goto fail;
    }
    pstrcpy(ic->filename, sizeof(ic->filename), filename);
    pd->filename = ic->filename;
    pd->buf = buf;
    pd->buf_size = 0;

    if (!fmt) {
        /* guess format if no file can be opened  */
        fmt = av_probe_input_format(pd, 0);
    }

    /* if no file needed do not try to open one */
    if (!fmt || !(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
        if (url_fopen(&ic->pb, filename, URL_RDONLY) < 0) {
            err = AVERROR_IO;
            goto fail;
        }
        if (buf_size > 0) {
            url_setbufsize(&ic->pb, buf_size);
        }
        /* read probe data */
        pd->buf_size = get_buffer(&ic->pb, buf, PROBE_BUF_SIZE);
        url_fseek(&ic->pb, 0, SEEK_SET);
    }
    
    /* guess file format */
    if (!fmt) {
        fmt = av_probe_input_format(pd, 1);
    }

    /* if still no format found, error */
    if (!fmt) {
        err = AVERROR_NOFMT;
        goto fail;
    }
        
    ic->iformat = fmt;

    /* allocate private data */
    ic->priv_data = av_mallocz(fmt->priv_data_size);
    if (!ic->priv_data) {
        err = AVERROR_NOMEM;
        goto fail;
    }

    /* check filename in case of an image number is expected */
    if (ic->iformat->flags & AVFMT_NEEDNUMBER) {
        if (filename_number_test(ic->filename) < 0) { 
            err = AVERROR_NUMEXPECTED;
            goto fail1;
        }
    }
    
    err = ic->iformat->read_header(ic, ap);
    if (err < 0)
        goto fail1;
    *ic_ptr = ic;
    return 0;
 fail1:
    if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
        url_fclose(&ic->pb);
    }
 fail:
    if (ic) {
        av_freep(&ic->priv_data);
    }
    av_free(ic);
    *ic_ptr = NULL;
    return err;
}

/**
 * Read a packet from a media file
 * @param s media file handle
 * @param pkt is filled 
 * @return 0 if OK. AVERROR_xxx if error.
 */
int av_read_packet(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    AVPacketList *pktl;

    pktl = s->packet_buffer;
    if (pktl) {
        /* read packet from packet buffer, if there is data */
        *pkt = pktl->pkt;
        s->packet_buffer = pktl->next;
        av_free(pktl);
        return 0;
    } else {
        return s->iformat->read_packet(s, pkt);
    }
}

/* state for codec information */
#define CSTATE_NOTFOUND    0
#define CSTATE_DECODING    1
#define CSTATE_FOUND       2

static int has_codec_parameters(AVCodecContext *enc)
{
    int val;
    switch(enc->codec_type) {
    case CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO:
        val = enc->sample_rate;
        break;
    case CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO:
        val = enc->width;
        break;
    default:
        val = 1;
        break;
    }
    return (val != 0);
}

/**
 * Read the beginning of a media file to get stream information. This
 * is useful for file formats with no headers such as MPEG. This
 * function also compute the real frame rate in case of mpeg2 repeat
 * frame mode.
 *
 * @param ic media file handle
 * @return >=0 if OK. AVERROR_xxx if error.  
 */
int av_find_stream_info(AVFormatContext *ic)
{
    int i, count, ret, got_picture, size, read_size;
    AVCodec *codec;
    AVStream *st;
    AVPacket *pkt;
    AVPicture picture;
    AVPacketList *pktl=NULL, **ppktl;
    short samples[AVCODEC_MAX_AUDIO_FRAME_SIZE / 2];
    UINT8 *ptr;
    int min_read_size, max_read_size;

    /* typical mpeg ts rate is 40 Mbits. DVD rate is about 10
       Mbits. We read at most 0.1 second of file to find all streams */

    /* XXX: base it on stream bitrate when possible */
    if (ic->iformat == &mpegts_demux) {
        /* maximum number of bytes we accept to read to find all the streams
           in a file */
        min_read_size = 3000000;
    } else {
        min_read_size = 125000;
    }
    /* max read size is 2 seconds of video max */
    max_read_size = min_read_size * 20;

    /* set initial codec state */
    for(i=0;i<ic->nb_streams;i++) {
        st = ic->streams[i];
        if (has_codec_parameters(&st->codec))
            st->codec_info_state = CSTATE_FOUND;
        else
            st->codec_info_state = CSTATE_NOTFOUND;
        st->codec_info_nb_repeat_frames = 0;
        st->codec_info_nb_real_frames = 0;
    }

    count = 0;
    read_size = 0;
    ppktl = &ic->packet_buffer;
    for(;;) {
        /* check if one codec still needs to be handled */
        for(i=0;i<ic->nb_streams;i++) {
            st = ic->streams[i];
            if (st->codec_info_state != CSTATE_FOUND)
                break;
        }
        if (i == ic->nb_streams) {
            /* NOTE: if the format has no header, then we need to read
               some packets to get most of the streams, so we cannot
               stop here */
            if (!(ic->iformat->flags & AVFMT_NOHEADER) ||
                read_size >= min_read_size) {
                /* if we found the info for all the codecs, we can stop */
                ret = count;
                break;
            }
        } else {
            /* we did not get all the codec info, but we read too much data */
            if (read_size >= max_read_size) {
                ret = count;
                break;
            }
        }

        pktl = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVPacketList));
        if (!pktl) {
            ret = AVERROR_NOMEM;
            break;
        }

        /* add the packet in the buffered packet list */
        *ppktl = pktl;
        ppktl = &pktl->next;

        /* NOTE: a new stream can be added there if no header in file
           (AVFMT_NOHEADER) */
        pkt = &pktl->pkt;
        if (ic->iformat->read_packet(ic, pkt) < 0) {
            /* EOF or error */
            ret = -1; /* we could not have all the codec parameters before EOF */
            if ((ic->iformat->flags & AVFMT_NOHEADER) &&
                i == ic->nb_streams)
                ret = 0;
            break;
        }
        read_size += pkt->size;

        /* open new codecs */
        for(i=0;i<ic->nb_streams;i++) {
            st = ic->streams[i];
            if (st->codec_info_state == CSTATE_NOTFOUND) {
                /* set to found in case of error */
                st->codec_info_state = CSTATE_FOUND; 
                codec = avcodec_find_decoder(st->codec.codec_id);
                if (codec) {
                    ret = avcodec_open(&st->codec, codec);
                    if (ret >= 0)
                        st->codec_info_state = CSTATE_DECODING;
                }
            }
        }

        st = ic->streams[pkt->stream_index];
        if (st->codec_info_state == CSTATE_DECODING) {
            /* decode the data and update codec parameters */
            ptr = pkt->data;
            size = pkt->size;
            while (size > 0) {
                switch(st->codec.codec_type) {
                case CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO:
                    ret = avcodec_decode_video(&st->codec, &picture, 
                                               &got_picture, ptr, size);
                    break;
                case CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO:
                    ret = avcodec_decode_audio(&st->codec, samples, 
                                               &got_picture, ptr, size);
                    break;
                default:
                    ret = -1;
                    break;
                }
                if (ret < 0) {
                    /* if error, simply ignore because another packet
                       may be OK */
                    break;
                }
                if (got_picture) {
                    /* we got the parameters - now we can stop
                       examining this stream */
                    /* XXX: add a codec info so that we can decide if
                       the codec can repeat frames */
                    if (st->codec.codec_id == CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO && 
                        ic->iformat != &mpegts_demux &&
                        st->codec.sub_id == 2) {
                        /* for mpeg2 video, we want to know the real
                           frame rate, so we decode 40 frames. In mpeg
                           TS case we do not do it because it would be
                           too long */
                        st->codec_info_nb_real_frames++;
                        st->codec_info_nb_repeat_frames += st->codec.repeat_pict;
#if 0
                        /* XXX: testing */
                        if ((st->codec_info_nb_real_frames % 24) == 23) {
                            st->codec_info_nb_repeat_frames += 2;
                        }
#endif
                        /* stop after 40 frames */
                        if (st->codec_info_nb_real_frames >= 40) {
                            st->r_frame_rate = (st->codec.frame_rate * 
                                                st->codec_info_nb_real_frames) /
                                (st->codec_info_nb_real_frames + 
                                 (st->codec_info_nb_repeat_frames >> 1));
                            goto close_codec;
                        }
                    } else {
                    close_codec:
                        st->codec_info_state = CSTATE_FOUND;
                        avcodec_close(&st->codec);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                ptr += ret;
                size -= ret;
            }
        }
        count++;
    }

    /* close each codec if there are opened */
    for(i=0;i<ic->nb_streams;i++) {
        st = ic->streams[i];
        if (st->codec_info_state == CSTATE_DECODING)
            avcodec_close(&st->codec);
    }

    /* set real frame rate info */
    for(i=0;i<ic->nb_streams;i++) {
        st = ic->streams[i];
        if (st->codec.codec_type == CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO) {
            if (!st->r_frame_rate)
                st->r_frame_rate = st->codec.frame_rate;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

/**
 * Close a media file (but not its codecs)
 *
 * @param s media file handle
 */
void av_close_input_file(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    int i;

    if (s->iformat->read_close)
        s->iformat->read_close(s);
    for(i=0;i<s->nb_streams;i++) {
        av_free(s->streams[i]);
    }
    if (s->packet_buffer) {
        AVPacketList *p, *p1;
        p = s->packet_buffer;
        while (p != NULL) {
            p1 = p->next;
            av_free_packet(&p->pkt);
            av_free(p);
            p = p1;
        }
        s->packet_buffer = NULL;
    }
    if (!(s->iformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
        url_fclose(&s->pb);
    }
    av_freep(&s->priv_data);
    av_free(s);
}

/**
 * Add a new stream to a media file. Can only be called in the
 * read_header function. If the flag AVFMT_NOHEADER is in the format
 * description, then new streams can be added in read_packet too.
 *
 *
 * @param s media file handle
 * @param id file format dependent stream id
 */
AVStream *av_new_stream(AVFormatContext *s, int id)
{
    AVStream *st;

    if (s->nb_streams >= MAX_STREAMS)
        return NULL;

    st = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVStream));
    if (!st)
        return NULL;
    st->index = s->nb_streams;
    st->id = id;
    s->streams[s->nb_streams++] = st;
    return st;
}

/************************************************************/
/* output media file */

/**
 * allocate the stream private data and write the stream header to an
 * output media file
 *
 * @param s media file handle
 * @return 0 if OK. AVERROR_xxx if error.  
 */
int av_write_header(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    s->priv_data = av_mallocz(s->oformat->priv_data_size);
    if (!s->priv_data)
        return AVERROR_NOMEM;
    return s->oformat->write_header(s);
}

/**
 * write a packet to an output media file
 *
 * @param s media file handle
 * @param pkt packet to write
 * @param force_pts XXX: need to suppress that
 */
int av_write_packet(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt, int force_pts)
{
    /* XXX: currently, an emulation because internal API must change */
    return s->oformat->write_packet(s, pkt->stream_index, pkt->data, pkt->size, force_pts);
}

/**
 * write the stream trailer to an output media file and and free the
 * file private data.
 *
 * @param s media file handle
 * @return 0 if OK. AVERROR_xxx if error.  */
int av_write_trailer(AVFormatContext *s)
{
    int ret;
    ret = s->oformat->write_trailer(s);
    av_freep(&s->priv_data);
    return ret;
}

/* "user interface" functions */

void dump_format(AVFormatContext *ic,
                 int index, 
                 const char *url,
                 int is_output)
{
    int i, flags;
    char buf[256];

    fprintf(stderr, "%s #%d, %s, %s '%s':\n", 
            is_output ? "Output" : "Input",
            index, 
            is_output ? ic->oformat->name : ic->iformat->name, 
            is_output ? "to" : "from", url);
    for(i=0;i<ic->nb_streams;i++) {
        AVStream *st = ic->streams[i];
        avcodec_string(buf, sizeof(buf), &st->codec, is_output);
        fprintf(stderr, "  Stream #%d.%d", index, i);
        /* the pid is an important information, so we display it */
        /* XXX: add a generic system */
        if (is_output)
            flags = ic->oformat->flags;
        else
            flags = ic->iformat->flags;
        if (flags & AVFMT_SHOW_IDS) {
            fprintf(stderr, "[0x%x]", st->id);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, ": %s\n", buf);
    }
}

typedef struct {
    const char *str;
    int width, height;
} SizeEntry;

static SizeEntry sizes[] = {
    { "sqcif", 128, 96 },
    { "qcif", 176, 144 },
    { "cif", 352, 288 },
    { "4cif", 704, 576 },
};
    
int parse_image_size(int *width_ptr, int *height_ptr, const char *str)
{
    int i;
    int n = sizeof(sizes) / sizeof(SizeEntry);
    const char *p;
    int frame_width = 0, frame_height = 0;

    for(i=0;i<n;i++) {
        if (!strcmp(sizes[i].str, str)) {
            frame_width = sizes[i].width;
            frame_height = sizes[i].height;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (i == n) {
        p = str;
        frame_width = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
        if (*p)
            p++;
        frame_height = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
    }
    if (frame_width <= 0 || frame_height <= 0)
        return -1;
    *width_ptr = frame_width;
    *height_ptr = frame_height;
    return 0;
}

INT64 av_gettime(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_WIN32
    struct _timeb tb;
    _ftime(&tb);
    return ((INT64)tb.time * INT64_C(1000) + (INT64)tb.millitm) * INT64_C(1000);
#else
    struct timeval tv;
    gettimeofday(&tv,NULL);
    return (INT64)tv.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec;
#endif
}

/* syntax: [YYYY-MM-DD ][[HH:]MM:]SS[.m...] . Return the date in micro seconds since 1970 */
INT64 parse_date(const char *datestr, int duration)
{
    const char *p;
    INT64 t;
    struct tm dt;

    memset(&dt, 0, sizeof(dt));

    p = datestr;
    if (!duration) {
        if (strlen(p) >= 5 && p[4] == '-') {
            dt.tm_year = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
            if (*p)
                p++;
            dt.tm_mon = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10) - 1;
            if (*p)
                p++;
            dt.tm_mday = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10) - 1;
            if (*p)
                p++;
        } else {
            time_t now = time(0);
            dt = *localtime(&now);
            dt.tm_hour = 0;
            dt.tm_min = 0;
            dt.tm_sec = 0;
        }
    }
    
    dt.tm_hour = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
    if (*p)
        p++;
    dt.tm_min = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
    if (*p)
        p++;
    dt.tm_sec = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);

    if (duration) {
        t = (INT64) 1000000 * (dt.tm_hour * 3600 + dt.tm_min * 60 + dt.tm_sec);
    } else {
        t = (INT64) 1000000 * mktime(&dt);
    }

    if (*p == '.') {
        int val, n;
        p++;
        n = strlen(p);
        if (n > 6)
            n = 6;
        val = strtol(p, NULL, 10);
        while (n < 6) {
            val = val * 10;
            n++;
        }
        t += val;
    }
    return t;
}

/* syntax: '?tag1=val1&tag2=val2...'. Little URL decoding is done. Return
   1 if found */
int find_info_tag(char *arg, int arg_size, const char *tag1, const char *info)
{
    const char *p;
    char tag[128], *q;

    p = info;
    if (*p == '?')
        p++;
    for(;;) {
        q = tag;
        while (*p != '\0' && *p != '=' && *p != '&') {
            if ((q - tag) < sizeof(tag) - 1)
                *q++ = *p;
            p++;
        }
        *q = '\0';
        q = arg;
        if (*p == '=') {
            p++;
            while (*p != '&' && *p != '\0') {
                if ((q - arg) < arg_size - 1) {
                    if (*p == '+')
                        *q++ = ' ';
                    else
                        *q++ = *p;
                }
                p++;
            }
            *q = '\0';
        }
        if (!strcmp(tag, tag1)) 
            return 1;
        if (*p != '&')
            break;
        p++;
    }
    return 0;
}

/* Return in 'buf' the path with '%d' replaced by number. Also handles
   the '%0nd' format where 'n' is the total number of digits and
   '%%'. Return 0 if OK, and -1 if format error */
int get_frame_filename(char *buf, int buf_size,
                       const char *path, int number)
{
    const char *p;
    char *q, buf1[20];
    int nd, len, c, percentd_found;

    q = buf;
    p = path;
    percentd_found = 0;
    for(;;) {
        c = *p++;
        if (c == '\0')
            break;
        if (c == '%') {
            nd = 0;
            while (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') {
                nd = nd * 10 + *p++ - '0';
            }
            c = *p++;
            switch(c) {
            case '%':
                goto addchar;
            case 'd':
                if (percentd_found)
                    goto fail;
                percentd_found = 1;
                snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "%0*d", nd, number);
                len = strlen(buf1);
                if ((q - buf + len) > buf_size - 1)
                    goto fail;
                memcpy(q, buf1, len);
                q += len;
                break;
            default:
                goto fail;
            }
        } else {
        addchar:
            if ((q - buf) < buf_size - 1)
                *q++ = c;
        }
    }
    if (!percentd_found)
        goto fail;
    *q = '\0';
    return 0;
 fail:
    *q = '\0';
    return -1;
}

static int gcd(INT64 a, INT64 b)
{
    INT64 c;

    while (1) {
        c = a % b;
        if (c == 0)
            return b;
        a = b;
        b = c;
    }
}

void ticker_init(Ticker *tick, INT64 inrate, INT64 outrate)
{
    int g;

    g = gcd(inrate, outrate);
    inrate /= g;
    outrate /= g;

    tick->value = -outrate/2;

    tick->inrate = inrate;
    tick->outrate = outrate;
    tick->div = tick->outrate / tick->inrate;
    tick->mod = tick->outrate % tick->inrate;
}

/**
 *
 * Print on stdout a nice hexa dump of a buffer
 * @param buf buffer
 * @param size buffer size
 */
void av_hex_dump(UINT8 *buf, int size)
{
    int len, i, j, c;

    for(i=0;i<size;i+=16) {
        len = size - i;
        if (len > 16)
            len = 16;
        printf("%08x ", i);
        for(j=0;j<16;j++) {
            if (j < len)
                printf(" %02x", buf[i+j]);
            else
                printf("   ");
        }
        printf(" ");
        for(j=0;j<len;j++) {
            c = buf[i+j];
            if (c < ' ' || c > '~')
                c = '.';
            printf("%c", c);