ffmpeg.c

/*
 * FFmpeg main 
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2003 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */
#define HAVE_AV_CONFIG_H
#include <limits.h>
#include "avformat.h"
#include "framehook.h"
#include "dsputil.h"

#ifndef CONFIG_WIN32
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <signal.h>
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_OS2
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif
#undef time //needed because HAVE_AV_CONFIG_H is defined on top
#include <time.h>

#include "cmdutils.h"

#undef NDEBUG
#include <assert.h>

#if !defined(INFINITY) && defined(HUGE_VAL)
#define INFINITY HUGE_VAL
#endif

/* select an input stream for an output stream */
typedef struct AVStreamMap {
    int file_index;
    int stream_index;
    int sync_file_index;
    int sync_stream_index;
} AVStreamMap;

/** select an input file for an output file */
typedef struct AVMetaDataMap {
    int out_file;
    int in_file;
} AVMetaDataMap;

extern const OptionDef options[];

static void show_help(void);
static void show_license(void);
static int opt_default(const char *opt, const char *arg);

#define MAX_FILES 20

static AVFormatContext *input_files[MAX_FILES];
static int64_t input_files_ts_offset[MAX_FILES];
static int nb_input_files = 0;

static AVFormatContext *output_files[MAX_FILES];
static int nb_output_files = 0;

static AVStreamMap stream_maps[MAX_FILES];
static int nb_stream_maps;

static AVMetaDataMap meta_data_maps[MAX_FILES];
static int nb_meta_data_maps;

static AVInputFormat *file_iformat;
static AVOutputFormat *file_oformat;
static AVImageFormat *image_format;
static int frame_width  = 0;
static int frame_height = 0;
static float frame_aspect_ratio = 0;
static enum PixelFormat frame_pix_fmt = PIX_FMT_NONE;
static int frame_padtop  = 0;
static int frame_padbottom = 0;
static int frame_padleft  = 0;
static int frame_padright = 0;
static int padcolor[3] = {16,128,128}; /* default to black */
static int frame_topBand  = 0;
static int frame_bottomBand = 0;
static int frame_leftBand  = 0;
static int frame_rightBand = 0;
static int max_frames[4] = {INT_MAX, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, INT_MAX};
static int frame_rate = 25;
static int frame_rate_base = 1;
static int video_bit_rate = 200*1000;
static int video_bit_rate_tolerance = 4000*1000;
static float video_qscale = 0;
static int video_qmin = 2;
static int video_qmax = 31;
static int video_lmin = 2*FF_QP2LAMBDA;
static int video_lmax = 31*FF_QP2LAMBDA;
static int video_mb_lmin = 2*FF_QP2LAMBDA;
static int video_mb_lmax = 31*FF_QP2LAMBDA;
static int video_qdiff = 3;
static float video_qblur = 0.5;
static float video_qsquish = 0.0;
static float video_qcomp = 0.5;
static uint16_t *intra_matrix = NULL;
static uint16_t *inter_matrix = NULL;
#if 0 //experimental, (can be removed)
static float video_rc_qsquish=1.0;
static float video_rc_qmod_amp=0;
static int video_rc_qmod_freq=0;
#endif
static char *video_rc_override_string=NULL;
static char *video_rc_eq="tex^qComp";
static int video_rc_buffer_size=0;
static float video_rc_buffer_aggressivity=1.0;
static int video_rc_max_rate=0;
static int video_rc_min_rate=0;
static float video_rc_initial_cplx=0;
static float video_b_qfactor = 1.25;
static float video_b_qoffset = 1.25;
static float video_i_qfactor = -0.8;
static float video_i_qoffset = 0.0;
static int video_intra_quant_bias= FF_DEFAULT_QUANT_BIAS;
static int video_inter_quant_bias= FF_DEFAULT_QUANT_BIAS;
static int me_method = ME_EPZS;
static int video_disable = 0;
static int video_discard = 0;
static int video_codec_id = CODEC_ID_NONE;
static int video_codec_tag = 0;
static int same_quality = 0;
static int b_frames = 0;
static int b_strategy = 0;
static int pre_me = 0;
static float lumi_mask = 0;
static float dark_mask = 0;
static float scplx_mask = 0;
static float tcplx_mask = 0;
static float p_mask = 0;
static int qns = 0;
static int do_deinterlace = 0;
static int workaround_bugs = FF_BUG_AUTODETECT;
static int error_resilience = FF_ER_CAREFUL;
static int error_concealment = 3;
static int packet_size = 0;
static int error_rate = 0;
static int strict = 0;
static int top_field_first = -1;
static int noise_reduction = 0;
static int sc_threshold = 0;
static int me_threshold = 0;
static int mb_threshold = 0;
static int intra_dc_precision = 8;
static int coder = 0;
static int context = 0;
static int predictor = 0;
static int nsse_weight = 8;
static int me_penalty_compensation= 256;
static int frame_skip_threshold= 0;
static int frame_skip_factor= 0;
static int frame_skip_exp= 0;
extern int loop_input; /* currently a hack */
static int loop_output = AVFMT_NOOUTPUTLOOP;
static int genpts = 0;

static int gop_size = 12;
static int intra_only = 0;
static int audio_sample_rate = 44100;
static int audio_bit_rate = 64000;
#define QSCALE_NONE -99999
static float audio_qscale = QSCALE_NONE;
static int audio_disable = 0;
static int audio_channels = 1;
static int audio_codec_id = CODEC_ID_NONE;
static int audio_codec_tag = 0;
static char *audio_language = NULL;

static int subtitle_codec_id = CODEC_ID_NONE;
static char *subtitle_language = NULL;

static int mux_rate= 0;
static int mux_packet_size= 0;
static float mux_preload= 0.5;
static float mux_max_delay= 0.7;

static int64_t recording_time = 0;
static int64_t start_time = 0;
static int64_t rec_timestamp = 0;
static int64_t input_ts_offset = 0;
static int file_overwrite = 0;
static char *str_title = NULL;
static char *str_author = NULL;
static char *str_copyright = NULL;
static char *str_comment = NULL;
static int do_benchmark = 0;
static int do_hex_dump = 0;
static int do_pkt_dump = 0;
static int do_psnr = 0;
static int do_vstats = 0;
static int do_pass = 0;
static char *pass_logfilename = NULL;
static int audio_stream_copy = 0;
static int video_stream_copy = 0;
static int subtitle_stream_copy = 0;
static int video_sync_method= 1;
static int audio_sync_method= 0;
static int copy_ts= 0;
static int opt_shortest = 0; //
static int video_global_header = 0;

static int rate_emu = 0;

#ifdef CONFIG_BKTR
static char *video_grab_format = "bktr";
#else
static char *video_grab_format = "video4linux";
#endif
static char *video_device = NULL;
static char *grab_device = NULL;
static int  video_channel = 0;
static char *video_standard = "ntsc";

static char *audio_grab_format = "audio_device";
static char *audio_device = NULL;
static int audio_volume = 256;

static int using_stdin = 0;
static int using_vhook = 0;
static int verbose = 1;
static int thread_count= 1;
static int q_pressed = 0;
static int me_range = 0;
static int64_t video_size = 0;
static int64_t audio_size = 0;
static int64_t extra_size = 0;
static int nb_frames_dup = 0;
static int nb_frames_drop = 0;
static int input_sync;
static int limit_filesize = 0; //

static int pgmyuv_compatibility_hack=0;

const char **opt_names=NULL;
int opt_name_count=0;
AVCodecContext *avctx_opts;


#define DEFAULT_PASS_LOGFILENAME "ffmpeg2pass"

struct AVInputStream;

typedef struct AVOutputStream {
    int file_index;          /* file index */
    int index;               /* stream index in the output file */
    int source_index;        /* AVInputStream index */
    AVStream *st;            /* stream in the output file */
    int encoding_needed;     /* true if encoding needed for this stream */
    int frame_number;
    /* input pts and corresponding output pts
       for A/V sync */
    //double sync_ipts;        /* dts from the AVPacket of the demuxer in second units */
    struct AVInputStream *sync_ist; /* input stream to sync against */
    int64_t sync_opts;       /* output frame counter, could be changed to some true timestamp */ //FIXME look at frame_number
    /* video only */
    int video_resample;      /* video_resample and video_crop are mutually exclusive */
    AVFrame pict_tmp;      /* temporary image for resampling */
    ImgReSampleContext *img_resample_ctx; /* for image resampling */

    int video_crop;          /* video_resample and video_crop are mutually exclusive */
    int topBand;             /* cropping area sizes */
    int leftBand;
    
    int video_pad;           /* video_resample and video_pad are mutually exclusive */
    int padtop;              /* padding area sizes */
    int padbottom;
    int padleft;
    int padright;
    
    /* audio only */
    int audio_resample;
    ReSampleContext *resample; /* for audio resampling */
    FifoBuffer fifo;     /* for compression: one audio fifo per codec */
    FILE *logfile;
} AVOutputStream;

typedef struct AVInputStream {
    int file_index;
    int index;
    AVStream *st;
    int discard;             /* true if stream data should be discarded */
    int decoding_needed;     /* true if the packets must be decoded in 'raw_fifo' */
    int64_t sample_index;      /* current sample */

    int64_t       start;     /* time when read started */
    unsigned long frame;     /* current frame */
    int64_t       next_pts;  /* synthetic pts for cases where pkt.pts
                                is not defined */
    int64_t       pts;       /* current pts */
    int is_start;            /* is 1 at the start and after a discontinuity */
} AVInputStream;

typedef struct AVInputFile {
    int eof_reached;      /* true if eof reached */
    int ist_index;        /* index of first stream in ist_table */
    int buffer_size;      /* current total buffer size */
    int buffer_size_max;  /* buffer size at which we consider we can stop
                             buffering */
    int nb_streams;       /* nb streams we are aware of */
} AVInputFile;

#ifndef CONFIG_WIN32

/* init terminal so that we can grab keys */
static struct termios oldtty;

static void term_exit(void)
{
    tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
}

static volatile sig_atomic_t received_sigterm = 0;

static void
sigterm_handler(int sig)
{
    received_sigterm = sig;
    term_exit();
}

static void term_init(void)
{
    struct termios tty;

    tcgetattr (0, &tty);
    oldtty = tty;

    tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
                          |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
    tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
    tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
    tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
    tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
    tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
    tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
    
    tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);

    signal(SIGINT , sigterm_handler); /* Interrupt (ANSI).  */
    signal(SIGQUIT, sigterm_handler); /* Quit (POSIX).  */
    signal(SIGTERM, sigterm_handler); /* Termination (ANSI).  */
    /*
    register a function to be called at normal program termination
    */
    atexit(term_exit);
#ifdef CONFIG_BEOS_NETSERVER
    fcntl(0, F_SETFL, fcntl(0, F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK);
#endif
}

/* read a key without blocking */
static int read_key(void)
{
    int n = 1;
    unsigned char ch;
#ifndef CONFIG_BEOS_NETSERVER
    struct timeval tv;
    fd_set rfds;

    FD_ZERO(&rfds);
    FD_SET(0, &rfds);
    tv.tv_sec = 0;
    tv.tv_usec = 0;
    n = select(1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
#endif
    if (n > 0) {
        n = read(0, &ch, 1);
        if (n == 1)
            return ch;

        return n;
    }
    return -1;
}

static int decode_interrupt_cb(void)
{
    return q_pressed || (q_pressed = read_key() == 'q');
}

#else

static volatile int received_sigterm = 0;

/* no interactive support */
static void term_exit(void)
{
}

static void term_init(void)
{
}

static int read_key(void)
{
    return 0;
}

#endif

static int read_ffserver_streams(AVFormatContext *s, const char *filename)
{
    int i, err;
    AVFormatContext *ic;

    err = av_open_input_file(&ic, filename, NULL, FFM_PACKET_SIZE, NULL);
    if (err < 0)
        return err;
    /* copy stream format */
    s->nb_streams = ic->nb_streams;
    for(i=0;i<ic->nb_streams;i++) {
        AVStream *st;

        st = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVStream));
        memcpy(st, ic->streams[i], sizeof(AVStream));
        s->streams[i] = st;
    }

    av_close_input_file(ic);
    return 0;
}

static double
get_sync_ipts(const AVOutputStream *ost)
{
    const AVInputStream *ist = ost->sync_ist;
    return (double)(ist->pts + input_files_ts_offset[ist->file_index] - start_time)/AV_TIME_BASE;
}

#define MAX_AUDIO_PACKET_SIZE (128 * 1024)

static void do_audio_out(AVFormatContext *s, 
                         AVOutputStream *ost, 
                         AVInputStream *ist,
                         unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
    uint8_t *buftmp;
    static uint8_t *audio_buf = NULL;
    static uint8_t *audio_out = NULL;
    const int audio_out_size= 4*MAX_AUDIO_PACKET_SIZE;

    int size_out, frame_bytes, ret;
    AVCodecContext *enc= ost->st->codec;

    /* SC: dynamic allocation of buffers */
    if (!audio_buf)
        audio_buf = av_malloc(2*MAX_AUDIO_PACKET_SIZE);
    if (!audio_out)
        audio_out = av_malloc(audio_out_size);
    if (!audio_buf || !audio_out)
        return;               /* Should signal an error ! */

    if(audio_sync_method){
        double delta = get_sync_ipts(ost) * enc->sample_rate - ost->sync_opts 
                - fifo_size(&ost->fifo, ost->fifo.rptr)/(ost->st->codec->channels * 2);
        double idelta= delta*ist->st->codec->sample_rate / enc->sample_rate;
        int byte_delta= ((int)idelta)*2*ist->st->codec->channels;

        //FIXME resample delay
        if(fabs(delta) > 50){
            if(ist->is_start){
                if(byte_delta < 0){
                    byte_delta= FFMAX(byte_delta, -size);
                    size += byte_delta;
                    buf  -= byte_delta;
                    if(verbose > 2)
                        fprintf(stderr, "discarding %d audio samples\n", (int)-delta);
                    if(!size)
                        return;
                    ist->is_start=0;
                }else{
                    static uint8_t *input_tmp= NULL;
                    input_tmp= av_realloc(input_tmp, byte_delta + size);

                    if(byte_delta + size <= MAX_AUDIO_PACKET_SIZE)
                        ist->is_start=0;
                    else
                        byte_delta= MAX_AUDIO_PACKET_SIZE - size;

                    memset(input_tmp, 0, byte_delta);
                    memcpy(input_tmp + byte_delta, buf, size);
                    buf= input_tmp;
                    size += byte_delta;
                    if(verbose > 2)
                        fprintf(stderr, "adding %d audio samples of silence\n", (int)delta);
                }
            }else if(audio_sync_method>1){
                int comp= clip(delta, -audio_sync_method, audio_sync_method);
                assert(ost->audio_resample);
                if(verbose > 2)
                    fprintf(stderr, "compensating audio timestamp drift:%f compensation:%d in:%d\n", delta, comp, enc->sample_rate);
//                fprintf(stderr, "drift:%f len:%d opts:%lld ipts:%lld fifo:%d\n", delta, -1, ost->sync_opts, (int64_t)(get_sync_ipts(ost) * enc->sample_rate), fifo_size(&ost->fifo, ost->fifo.rptr)/(ost->st->codec->channels * 2));
                av_resample_compensate(*(struct AVResampleContext**)ost->resample, comp, enc->sample_rate);
            }
        } 
    }else
        ost->sync_opts= lrintf(get_sync_ipts(ost) * enc->sample_rate)
                        - fifo_size(&ost->fifo, ost->fifo.rptr)/(ost->st->codec->channels * 2); //FIXME wrong

    if (ost->audio_resample) {
        buftmp = audio_buf;
        size_out = audio_resample(ost->resample, 
                                  (short *)buftmp, (short *)buf,
                                  size / (ist->st->codec->channels * 2));
        size_out = size_out * enc->channels * 2;
    } else {
        buftmp = buf;
        size_out = size;
    }

    /* now encode as many frames as possible */
    if (enc->frame_size > 1) {
        /* output resampled raw samples */
        fifo_write(&ost->fifo, buftmp, size_out, 
                   &ost->fifo.wptr);

        frame_bytes = enc->frame_size * 2 * enc->channels;
        
        while (fifo_read(&ost->fifo, audio_buf, frame_bytes, 
                     &ost->fifo.rptr) == 0) {
            AVPacket pkt;
            av_init_packet(&pkt);

            ret = avcodec_encode_audio(enc, audio_out, audio_out_size, 
                                       (short *)audio_buf);
            audio_size += ret;
            pkt.stream_index= ost->index;
            pkt.data= audio_out;
            pkt.size= ret;
            if(enc->coded_frame && enc->coded_frame->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
                pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(enc->coded_frame->pts, enc->time_base, ost->st->time_base);
            pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
            av_interleaved_write_frame(s, &pkt);
            
            ost->sync_opts += enc->frame_size;
        }
    } else {
        AVPacket pkt;
        av_init_packet(&pkt);

        ost->sync_opts += size_out / (2 * enc->channels);

        /* output a pcm frame */
        /* XXX: change encoding codec API to avoid this ? */
        switch(enc->codec->id) {
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_S32LE:
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_S32BE:
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_U32LE:
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_U32BE:
            size_out = size_out << 1;
            break;
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_S24LE:
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_S24BE:
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_U24LE:
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_U24BE:
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_S24DAUD:
            size_out = size_out / 2 * 3;
            break;
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_S16LE:
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_S16BE:
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_U16LE:
        case CODEC_ID_PCM_U16BE:
            break;
        default:
            size_out = size_out >> 1;
            break;
        }
        ret = avcodec_encode_audio(enc, audio_out, size_out, 
				   (short *)buftmp);
        audio_size += ret;
        pkt.stream_index= ost->index;
        pkt.data= audio_out;
        pkt.size= ret;
        if(enc->coded_frame && enc->coded_frame->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
            pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(enc->coded_frame->pts, enc->time_base, ost->st->time_base);
        pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
        av_interleaved_write_frame(s, &pkt);
    }
}

static void pre_process_video_frame(AVInputStream *ist, AVPicture *picture, void **bufp)
{
    AVCodecContext *dec;
    AVPicture *picture2;
    AVPicture picture_tmp;
    uint8_t *buf = 0;

    dec = ist->st->codec;

    /* deinterlace : must be done before any resize */
    if (do_deinterlace || using_vhook) {
        int size;

        /* create temporary picture */
        size = avpicture_get_size(dec->pix_fmt, dec->width, dec->height);
        buf = av_malloc(size);
        if (!buf)
            return;
        
        picture2 = &picture_tmp;
        avpicture_fill(picture2, buf, dec->pix_fmt, dec->width, dec->height);

        if (do_deinterlace){
            if(avpicture_deinterlace(picture2, picture, 
                                     dec->pix_fmt, dec->width, dec->height) < 0) {
                /* if error, do not deinterlace */
                av_free(buf);
                buf = NULL;
                picture2 = picture;
            }
        } else {
            if (img_convert(picture2, dec->pix_fmt, picture, 
                            dec->pix_fmt, dec->width, dec->height) < 0) {
                /* if error, do not copy */
                av_free(buf);
                buf = NULL;
                picture2 = picture;
            }
        }
    } else {
        picture2 = picture;
    }

    frame_hook_process(picture2, dec->pix_fmt, dec->width, dec->height);

    if (picture != picture2)
        *picture = *picture2;
    *bufp = buf;
}

/* we begin to correct av delay at this threshold */
#define AV_DELAY_MAX 0.100


/* Expects img to be yuv420 */
static void fill_pad_region(AVPicture* img, int height, int width,
        int padtop, int padbottom, int padleft, int padright, int *color) {
  
    int i, y, shift;
    uint8_t *optr;
    
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        shift = (i == 0) ? 0 : 1;
        
        if (padtop || padleft) {
            memset(img->data[i], color[i], (((img->linesize[i] * padtop) + 
                            padleft) >> shift));
        }

        if (padleft || padright) {
            optr = img->data[i] + (img->linesize[i] * (padtop >> shift)) +
                (img->linesize[i] - (padright >> shift));

            for (y = 0; y < ((height - (padtop + padbottom) - 1) >> shift); y++) {
                memset(optr, color[i], (padleft + padright) >> shift);
                optr += img->linesize[i];
            }
        }
      
        if (padbottom || padright) {
            optr = img->data[i] + (((img->linesize[i] * (height - padbottom)) - padright) >> shift);
            memset(optr, color[i], (((img->linesize[i] * padbottom) + padright) >> shift));
        }
    }
}

static void do_subtitle_out(AVFormatContext *s, 
                            AVOutputStream *ost, 
                            AVInputStream *ist,
                            AVSubtitle *sub,
                            int64_t pts)
{
    static uint8_t *subtitle_out = NULL;
    int subtitle_out_max_size = 65536;
    int subtitle_out_size, nb, i;
    AVCodecContext *enc;
    AVPacket pkt;

    if (pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Subtitle packets must have a pts\n");
        return;
    }

    enc = ost->st->codec;

    if (!subtitle_out) {
        subtitle_out = av_malloc(subtitle_out_max_size);
    }

    /* Note: DVB subtitle need one packet to draw them and one other
       packet to clear them */
    /* XXX: signal it in the codec context ? */
    if (enc->codec_id == CODEC_ID_DVB_SUBTITLE)
        nb = 2;
    else
        nb = 1;

    for(i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        subtitle_out_size = avcodec_encode_subtitle(enc, subtitle_out, 
                                                    subtitle_out_max_size, sub);
        
        av_init_packet(&pkt);
        pkt.stream_index = ost->index;
        pkt.data = subtitle_out;
        pkt.size = subtitle_out_size;
        pkt.pts = av_rescale_q(av_rescale_q(pts, ist->st->time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q) + input_files_ts_offset[ist->file_index], AV_TIME_BASE_Q,  ost->st->time_base);
        if (enc->codec_id == CODEC_ID_DVB_SUBTITLE) {
            /* XXX: the pts correction is handled here. Maybe handling
               it in the codec would be better */
            if (i == 0)
                pkt.pts += 90 * sub->start_display_time;
            else
                pkt.pts += 90 * sub->end_display_time;
        }
        av_interleaved_write_frame(s, &pkt);
    }
}

static int bit_buffer_size= 1024*256;
static uint8_t *bit_buffer= NULL;

static void do_video_out(AVFormatContext *s, 
                         AVOutputStream *ost, 
                         AVInputStream *ist,
                         AVFrame *in_picture,
                         int *frame_size)
{
    int nb_frames, i, ret;
    AVFrame *final_picture, *formatted_picture;
    AVFrame picture_format_temp, picture_crop_temp;
    uint8_t *buf = NULL, *buf1 = NULL;
    AVCodecContext *enc, *dec;
    enum PixelFormat target_pixfmt;
    
    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(&picture_format_temp);
    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(&picture_crop_temp);

    enc = ost->st->codec;
    dec = ist->st->codec;

    /* by default, we output a single frame */
    nb_frames = 1;

    *frame_size = 0;

    if(video_sync_method){
        double vdelta;
        vdelta = get_sync_ipts(ost) / av_q2d(enc->time_base) - ost->sync_opts;
        //FIXME set to 0.5 after we fix some dts/pts bugs like in avidec.c
        if (vdelta < -1.1)
            nb_frames = 0;
        else if (vdelta > 1.1)
            nb_frames = lrintf(vdelta);
//fprintf(stderr, "vdelta:%f, ost->sync_opts:%lld, ost->sync_ipts:%f nb_frames:%d\n", vdelta, ost->sync_opts, ost->sync_ipts, nb_frames);
        if (nb_frames == 0){
            ++nb_frames_drop;
            if (verbose>2)
                fprintf(stderr, "*** drop!\n");
        }else if (nb_frames > 1) {
            nb_frames_dup += nb_frames;
            if (verbose>2)
                fprintf(stderr, "*** %d dup!\n", nb_frames-1);
        }
    }else
        ost->sync_opts= lrintf(get_sync_ipts(ost) / av_q2d(enc->time_base));

    nb_frames= FFMIN(nb_frames, max_frames[CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO] - ost->frame_number);
    if (nb_frames <= 0) 
        return;

    /* convert pixel format if needed */
    target_pixfmt = ost->video_resample || ost->video_pad
        ? PIX_FMT_YUV420P : enc->pix_fmt;
    if (dec->pix_fmt != target_pixfmt) {
        int size;

        /* create temporary picture */
        size = avpicture_get_size(target_pixfmt, dec->width, dec->height);
        buf = av_malloc(size);
        if (!buf)
            return;
        formatted_picture = &picture_format_temp;
        avpicture_fill((AVPicture*)formatted_picture, buf, target_pixfmt, dec->width, dec->height);
        
        if (img_convert((AVPicture*)formatted_picture, target_pixfmt, 
                        (AVPicture *)in_picture, dec->pix_fmt, 
                        dec->width, dec->height) < 0) {

            if (verbose >= 0)
                fprintf(stderr, "pixel format conversion not handled\n");

            goto the_end;
        }
    } else {
        formatted_picture = in_picture;
    }

    /* XXX: resampling could be done before raw format conversion in
       some cases to go faster */
    /* XXX: only works for YUV420P */
    if (ost->video_resample) {
        final_picture = &ost->pict_tmp;
        img_resample(ost->img_resample_ctx, (AVPicture*)final_picture, (AVPicture*)formatted_picture);
       
        if (ost->padtop || ost->padbottom || ost->padleft || ost->padright) {
            fill_pad_region((AVPicture*)final_picture, enc->height, enc->width,
                    ost->padtop, ost->padbottom, ost->padleft, ost->padright,
                    padcolor);
        }
        
	if (enc->pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
            int size;
	    
	    av_free(buf);
            /* create temporary picture */
            size = avpicture_get_size(enc->pix_fmt, enc->width, enc->height);
            buf = av_malloc(size);
            if (!buf)
                return;
            final_picture = &picture_format_temp;
            avpicture_fill((AVPicture*)final_picture, buf, enc->pix_fmt, enc->width, enc->height);
        
            if (img_convert((AVPicture*)final_picture, enc->pix_fmt, 
                            (AVPicture*)&ost->pict_tmp, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, 
                            enc->width, enc->height) < 0) {

                if (verbose >= 0)
                    fprintf(stderr, "pixel format conversion not handled\n");

                goto the_end;
            }
	}
    } else if (ost->video_crop) {
        picture_crop_temp.data[0] = formatted_picture->data[0] +
                (ost->topBand * formatted_picture->linesize[0]) + ost->leftBand;

        picture_crop_temp.data[1] = formatted_picture->data[1] +
                ((ost->topBand >> 1) * formatted_picture->linesize[1]) +
                (ost->leftBand >> 1);

        picture_crop_temp.data[2] = formatted_picture->data[2] +
                ((ost->topBand >> 1) * formatted_picture->linesize[2]) +
                (ost->leftBand >> 1);

        picture_crop_temp.linesize[0] = formatted_picture->linesize[0];
        picture_crop_temp.linesize[1] = formatted_picture->linesize[1];
        picture_crop_temp.linesize[2] = formatted_picture->linesize[2];
        final_picture = &picture_crop_temp;
    } else if (ost->video_pad) {
        final_picture = &ost->pict_tmp;

        for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            uint8_t *optr, *iptr;
            int shift = (i == 0) ? 0 : 1;
            int y, yheight;
            
            /* set offset to start writing image into */
            optr = final_picture->data[i] + (((final_picture->linesize[i] * 
                            ost->padtop) + ost->padleft) >> shift);
            iptr = formatted_picture->data[i];

            yheight = (enc->height - ost->padtop - ost->padbottom) >> shift;
            for (y = 0; y < yheight; y++) {
                /* copy unpadded image row into padded image row */
                memcpy(optr, iptr, formatted_picture->linesize[i]);
                optr += final_picture->linesize[i];
                iptr += formatted_picture->linesize[i];
            }
        }

        fill_pad_region((AVPicture*)final_picture, enc->height, enc->width,
                ost->padtop, ost->padbottom, ost->padleft, ost->padright,
                padcolor);
        
        if (enc->pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
            int size;

            av_free(buf);
            /* create temporary picture */
            size = avpicture_get_size(enc->pix_fmt, enc->width, enc->height);
            buf = av_malloc(size);
            if (!buf)
                return;
            final_picture = &picture_format_temp;
            avpicture_fill((AVPicture*)final_picture, buf, enc->pix_fmt, enc->width, enc->height);

            if (img_convert((AVPicture*)final_picture, enc->pix_fmt, 
                        (AVPicture*)&ost->pict_tmp, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, 
                        enc->width, enc->height) < 0) {

                if (verbose >= 0)
                    fprintf(stderr, "pixel format conversion not handled\n");

                goto the_end;
            }
        }
    } else {
        final_picture = formatted_picture;
    }
    /* duplicates frame if needed */
    for(i=0;i<nb_frames;i++) {
        AVPacket pkt;
        av_init_packet(&pkt);
        pkt.stream_index= ost->index;

        if (s->oformat->flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE) {
            /* raw pictures are written as AVPicture structure to
               avoid any copies. We support temorarily the older
               method. */
            AVFrame* old_frame = enc->coded_frame;
	    enc->coded_frame = dec->coded_frame; //FIXME/XXX remove this hack
            pkt.data= (uint8_t *)final_picture;
            pkt.size=  sizeof(AVPicture);
            if(dec->coded_frame && enc->coded_frame->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
                pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(enc->coded_frame->pts, enc->time_base, ost->st->time_base);
            if(dec->coded_frame && dec->coded_frame->key_frame)
                pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;

            av_interleaved_write_frame(s, &pkt);
	    enc->coded_frame = old_frame;
        } else {
            AVFrame big_picture;

            big_picture= *final_picture;
            /* better than nothing: use input picture interlaced
               settings */
            big_picture.interlaced_frame = in_picture->interlaced_frame;
            if(avctx_opts->flags & (CODEC_FLAG_INTERLACED_DCT|CODEC_FLAG_INTERLACED_ME)){
                if(top_field_first == -1)
                    big_picture.top_field_first = in_picture->top_field_first;
                else
                    big_picture.top_field_first = top_field_first;
            }

            /* handles sameq here. This is not correct because it may
               not be a global option */
            if (same_quality) {
                big_picture.quality = ist->st->quality;
            }else
                big_picture.quality = ost->st->quality;
            if(!me_threshold)
                big_picture.pict_type = 0;
//            big_picture.pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
            big_picture.pts= ost->sync_opts;
//            big_picture.pts= av_rescale(ost->sync_opts, AV_TIME_BASE*(int64_t)enc->time_base.num, enc->time_base.den);
//av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "%lld -> encoder\n", ost->sync_opts);
            ret = avcodec_encode_video(enc, 
                                       bit_buffer, bit_buffer_size,
                                       &big_picture);
            //enc->frame_number = enc->real_pict_num;
            if(ret>0){
                pkt.data= bit_buffer;
                pkt.size= ret;
                if(enc->coded_frame && enc->coded_frame->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
                    pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(enc->coded_frame->pts, enc->time_base, ost->st->time_base);
/*av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "encoder -> %lld/%lld\n", 
   pkt.pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE ? av_rescale(pkt.pts, enc->time_base.den, AV_TIME_BASE*(int64_t)enc->time_base.num) : -1,
   pkt.dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE ? av_rescale(pkt.dts, enc->time_base.den, AV_TIME_BASE*(int64_t)enc->time_base.num) : -1);*/

                if(enc->coded_frame && enc->coded_frame->key_frame)
                    pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
                av_interleaved_write_frame(s, &pkt);
                *frame_size = ret;
                //fprintf(stderr,"\nFrame: %3d %3d size: %5d type: %d",
                //        enc->frame_number-1, enc->real_pict_num, ret,
                //        enc->pict_type);
                /* if two pass, output log */
                if (ost->logfile && enc->stats_out) {
                    fprintf(ost->logfile, "%s", enc->stats_out);
                }
            }
        }
        ost->sync_opts++;
        ost->frame_number++;
    }
 the_end:
    av_free(buf);
    av_free(buf1);
}